'English Civil War and French Revolution Essay\r'

'The incline Civil War and the cut Revolution are characterized by a switch over in power that took place within their breathing governments in a relatively short distri yetor point of time. In addition, the English Civil War and the cut Revolution were two initiated from the citizen’s unhappiness with the world-beater’s rule. These were ca apply by a multitude of political, amicable, and scotch chores residing in the English and cut monarchies. In England, the civil war was a rebellion by sevens against the faggot. There was a direct conflict and jumble in determining each of their mathematical functions in disposal the race.\r\nAfter the Tudor dynasty ended with the death of nance Elizabeth in 1603; her cousin, major power crowd together VI of Scotland became King James I of England and thus began the Stuart lineage. Though he was influential in his homeland, he k unsanded little approximately the English rightfulnesss, institutions, and custo ms. James believed in divine right hand and consequently alienated the parliament who were accustomed to the Tudor’s â€Å"balanced polity”. sevens did except manage to keep the power of the purse and expressed their unhappiness by refusing the king’s notes requests.\r\nKing James’ additional failure was stem from religious affiliations. The Puritans in the country wanted James to eliminate the Episcopal system of the church government in which bishops or episcopos held a major purpose in the administration and replace it with the Presbyterian model. This model was used in Scotland, replicated after Calvin’s church in Geneva where ministers and elders contend an important governing role. However, their pleas were pushed by by James’ refusal because he realized in the Anglican Church, the bishops were appointed by the cr own.\r\nThis gave the monarchy supreme dominance over church and state. At this time on that point was a growi ng opposition of the king and instantly the Puritans joined in with other English gentry. Conditions go along to worsen under the reign of James’ son, Charles I. He went as far to dismiss parliament on the whole from 1629 to 1640 after recanting his previous agreement to the Petition of Right. The enrolment prohibited taxation with by parliament consent, unconditional imprisonment, canton soldiers in private homes, and declaration of martial law in peacetime.\r\nCharles collected taxes for his excessive spending without Parliament’s consent. Alienating himself further, Charles’ marriage to Henrietta Maria aflare(p) suspicions about the king’s faith. She was the Catholic sister of Louis XIII of France and this upset the English Puritans. Charles attempted to tuck more ritual practices with the archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud. This afflicted Puritans as an move to return to Catholicism. Charles’ fatal error was trying to chew the f at the Anglican Book of Common Prayer to the frugal Presbyterian Church, which caused many Scots to rebel.\r\nWithout the financial backing call for to raise troops, Charles was forced to call the disbanded parliament. From November 1640 to September 1641, the impertinent Long Parliament created a series of laws to entrap royal authority such as abolishing arbitrary courts, repealing the taxes the king collected without their consent and the passage of the triennial Act, which do sure Parliament met at least(prenominal) every three age. Some were satisfied with these restores piece of music radicals pushed for even more change.\r\nCharles tried to take vantage of this division by arresting some radicals including a large group light-emitting diode by magic Pym. This final act make it clear that the king had gone too far which resulted in the English Civil War. Unlike the English Civil War, the French Revolution was closer to an uprising against the power of the monarchy a nd blue nobility by the peasants and middle class. Fifty years before the time the war broke out in 1789, France experienced a period of scotch growth due to expansion of foreign change over and an increase in industrial production.\r\nFrance was broken up into three unbalanced estates. The initiatory and second estates were made up of the clergy and nobles, which dominated society and led abundant lives and paid little taxes. The third estate was made up of peasants who were not included in the state of matter’s prosperity. The taxes necessary to maintain and pay for the root and second estate’s luxuries heavily heavy-laden the peasants. They constituted 75-80% of the population but consequently only owned 35-40% of the land. Their discontent and struggle for survival played a vital role in the tend of the whirling.\r\nThe consumer prices rose faster than their wages, which resulted in urban groups otiose to purchase necessities to live. A hardened resentmen t grew from both the lower and middle classes. Even the bourgeoisie were excluded from the social and political privileges dominated by nobles. At the kindred time, new critical ideas of the Enlightenment deemed attractive to groups provoked by the monarchial system. The majority of French society was federal official up with the old, rigid order based on estates and privileges and responded by taking drastic action against the regime.\r\nCrisis struck in 1787 and 1788 with bad harvests and the beginning of a manufacturing depression. This led to food shortages, rising prices and unemployment. One-third of the entire French population was poor. These sight saw the lavish lives of the first and second estates, which led to increased criticism of their exist privileges. The parlements gained new strength and judges took on the role of â€Å"defenders of liberty” against the arbitrary power of monarchs. However, these efforts failed when they pushed their own interests and a good deal blocked new taxes.\r\nThe ready cause of the revolution was the entire collapse of government finances. The court’s luxuries and costly wars took a toll and their expenditure grew to new heights. The government reacted by borrowing money, which created a colossal interest on the debt they already owed. Charles de Calonne, controller full general of finance, proposed a complete reconstruction of the fiscal and administrative system of the state. He convened an â€Å"assembly of notables” to gain support, but they refused to cooperate and once again their efforts at reform failed entirely.\r\nThe French king, Louis XVI was forced to call a meeting of the French Parliamentary body, known as the Estates-General. At this point, the government was basically confessing that the consent of the nation was required to raise taxes. Louis initially thought this would be just a way to solve the immediate financial issues of the monarchy but actually ended up reforming the government completely and destroying the old regime. The revolution was officially initiated on July 14, 1789, when several starving, working people of capital of France stormed into the castle of Bastille, demanding change.\r\nDespite their differences, the French Revolution and English Civil War stem from unrest of their citizens and their intrust to transform and improve society. Clearly the main problem lay within the corruption and greed of people with authority. The powerful have influence over the political, social, and scotch facets of society. However, in these instances, each monarchy failed to compromise by ignoring their own citizen’s frustrations and struggles. This left the civilians no other pickaxe but to begin a revolution.\r\n'