Gypsies, the Work Ethic and Hungarian Socialism

In his work Socialism Ideals, Ideologies and Local Practice, Chris Hann includes the text in which Michael Steward analyses the gipsy responses to Magyar social policy providing the image of the sources of hot resistance to the massive experiment in social engineering undertaken by the socialist regimens of the Soviet bloc. The text focuses on the twenty five geezerhood period in which the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party led a vigorous charge to assimilate the near half-million gypsy population into the Magyar working class by trying to eliminate all traces of itinerant lifestyle and behavior.In the actors view thither was there was an important plank formed in the social policy of the Hungarian regime. This happened due to several reasons the largest minority in Hungary lived shocking poverty conditions, the earth was looking to renew its socialist pledge by modernization under social equality and the economic, social and cultural distinctiveness of the Gypsies.The resu lt of this prevail was not the one intended because Gypsies were in 1985 as prominent in the Hungarian confederation as they were in 1960. Moreover, the state had managed to create conditions in which, in popular imagination at least, being a Gypsy seemed the most viable way to survive the privations and humiliations of a planned economy. The campaign to assimilate Gypsies in socialist HungaryThe campaign lasted from 1961 to 1985 and it began with the decision that Gypsies were neither an heathen group nor a nation. Cultural factors did not play a noteworthy role in the reproduction of Gypsies and the attempts to turn them into a nation had been misguided. Gypsy nationalists programs slowed down the process of assimilation and their self-organization and expression were to be discouraged.The author states the Gypsies were characterized by a way of life marked out behavioral traits such as scavenging, begging, hustling, dealing and laziness, all being products of their exclusion from the society and the economy of the past. Gypsies had been sustained by the feudal division of labour in which they had played an important role but lost their social brilliance as capitalist industrialization displayed their skills as redundant. The Hungarian social government thought in the early 1960s that the Gypsy problem could be solved once and for all.

Despite Risk and Uncertainty Essay

Risk is either factor that whitethorn likelyly intercede with achievementful completion of the dispatch. A endangerment is non a bother-a problem has already occurred a luck is the recognition that a problem index occur. By recognizing potential problems, the exteriorize manager can attempt to exclude a problem through proper actions. jut Management is the skills, tools and direction processes required to undertake a hurl conquestfully. Stakeholders argon persons or organizations that ar actively involved in the encounter, or whose interests may be positively or negatively affected by the get off.Organizations take happens to benefit from potential opportunities however these opportunities involve an element of risk. Projects entail a level of scruple and therefore carry lineage risk. Every send has risks. Organizations that succeed are the adepts that plan for those risks anticipating, mitigating, and providing response and contingency plans for negative no nethelessts that may or may not occur. Risk Analysis solutions provide the tools for doing just this, enabling companies to identify, tax and model risks and, in the process, winning much of the indecision out of project and portfolio forethought. A project risk can be delimit as an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, will form a positive or a negative effect on a projects objectives. Identifying risk in the planning stage enables discover project selection finalitys and to a greater extent accurate budgeting and scheduling, ( seer white paper,2010).Risk mind is critical to understanding the impact of risk and incertitude on project schedule and cost. Once risks are identified and assessed, the next step is to let a response plan. Typical mitigation actions include adding season to the schedule, deploying more resources on the project, bringing in outside expertise, increasing the budget, just to cite a few. Uncertainty is an inevitable aspect of most proj ects, but even the most proficient managers boast difficulty handling it. They use decision milestones to dwell military issues, risk counseling to prevent disasters and sequential iteration to polish off sure everyone is making the sought after product, yet the project still ends up with an overrun schedule, overflowing budget and compromised specifications. Or it just dies. Unforeseen uncertainty makes contingencyplanning more difficult because the project aggroup cannot anticipate everything. Because it is impossible to create a complete contingency plan, the plan mustiness evolve as the project progresses. With unforeseeable uncertainty, a lot of time and effort must go into managing relationships with stakeholders and getting them to accept unplanned changes. Stakeholders practically dig in, causing resistance and conflicts. Failing to address risk and uncertainty can lead to consequences that span the spectrum from mere inconvenience to grave danger, (www.ey.com).The bind went on to explain some of the effects that risk has on the archeological site and metals companies projects. chastening to deliver against agreed plans Realized delivery risks will typically impact one or more of a projects cost, schedule, scope and timbre parameters. Where impacts represent a material variation from approve plans, a critical review of the projects alignment to backup Case assumptions and rationale may be required. Late-stage Business Case modifications have the potential to undermine the projects investment case and mischievously impair stakeholder buy-in and confidence. Loss of competitive advantage For many mining and metals companies, the faculty to efficiently and predictably operationalize assets and infrastructure forms a key source of competitive advantage. As commodity prices, commercial terms and the competitive landscape always change, the window for timely project delivery is finite. When risks end point in project delays, cost overrun s or quality defects, many companies will feel a direct impact on corporate performance and competitive advantage. defame to reputation Leading mining and metals companies recognize the essential disjointed component part of corporate reputation in securing and maintaining a social licence to operate. The risk of health, safety, environment and community incidents is ever present, demanding high levels of delivery discipline and attention vigilance. Where policy, process or control break-downs do occur, and an incident results, mining and metals companies must respond immediately to prevent long-lasting reputational damage.The Impact of a risk may be to the project and its success criteria (eg budget and timeframes or the quality of the project output) or it could be to the business as a result of the way the project is carried out. At the same time,risk perspicacity increases profitability. Contracts can be selectedand priced at the sound level of risk, and the business can b e managed with risk fully understood, (Oracle white paper,2009). Specific risks can be negotiated, it can be made discharge who bears them, and they can be built in to contracts. subsequently evaluating risks, one can choose a path of risk dodge or risk mitigation and management. If one understands the risks in a project, one can decide which risks are acceptable and take action to mitigate or forestall those risks. If ones project risk assessment determines that risks are excessive, one may want to consider restructuring the project to at heart acceptable levels of risk. Every project has risks and the way that these risks are identified, assessed and mitigated plays a critical role in the project outcome. Most firms would rather have projects without risk and uncertainty, to realize more profit and growth and similarly modify or maintain their good reputation. However, risk and uncertainty are not the entirely factors that may negatively affect a project then hindering p rofitability, growth and good reputation for the organization. There are some(prenominal) other factors that aid a project to contribute to the well-being or downfall of the organization. A project fails when the plan is not met. (Oracle white paper, 2009) Failure means that a project exceeds the timeline, the project has to be opened upon realistic timescales, taking account of statutory lead times, and showing critical dependencies such that any delays can be handled. A schedule should include a suitable measurement system as a way of judging veridical performance against budget and time allowances, Slevin D.P, Pinto J.K (1987) Failure also means that a project overspends the budget, or underperforms expectation, they motivating to have a return project plan that covers the full period of the planned delivery and all business change required, and indicate the means of benefits realization. lack of clear link amidst the project and the organizations key strategic priorities , including agreed measures of success also affect projects. The organization need to know how the priority of this project compares and aligns with other delivery and operational activities.There is need to have defined the critical success factors (CSFs) for the project. Project success or contribution on profitability, growth and reputation for the organization also dwells on clear aged(a) management and Ministerial ownership and leadership. As noted by Schultz and Slevin (1975), management deliver for projects, or indeed forany performance, has long been considered of great immenseness in distinguishing between their ultimate success or failure. Without an experienced project manager, projects can quickly spiral out of control. The project management team must have a clear view of the interdependencies between projects, the benefits, and the criteria against which success will be judged. Decisions need to be taken early, decisively, and adhered to, in recite to facilitate thriving delivery. Another great effect to projects contribution on the organization is effective engagement with stakeholders. It is crucial for the firm to identify the right stakeholders and secure a common understanding and agreement of stakeholder requirements. The project needs to take sufficient account of the subsisting organizational culture whilst ensuring that there is clear accountability and how to resolve and conflicting priorities. The need for client consultation has been found to be increasingly important in attempting to successfully implement a project. Indeed, Manley(1975) found that the degree to which clients are personally involved in the implementation process will cause great variation in their support for that project. If you are managing an internal project, it might not be wise to reverse stakeholders that you might need to deal with at a later date. The need for diplomacy is important, and the political landscape can have a heroic impact on how easy o r difficult it will be to deliver the project,(Bauer M). The extent of stakeholder involvement also affects the reputation of the organization and whence the profits and growth potential. Lack of skills and proven nestle to project management and risk management can affect the project and consequently the organization. . Lack of experience breeds excessive conservatism (K. Humphreys). Not having the right people for a particular project may compromise the job. The key to a successful project is to include the right people with the right skill-sets, says Joel Koppelman. He also quotes, All the planning in the world will not get across a lack of talent.CONCLUSIONRisk and uncertainty actually encourage the project team and management to stay alert and prepare in advance for possible attacks to the project. Decision-making under conditions of risk where there are delegate estimated probabilities and predicted impacts for each identified risk, enablesmanagement strategies to be devel oped as a response including monitoring and controlling the risk mitigation to reduce these risks to the desired level. Despite risk and uncertainty, there exist other factors that can greatly affect the outcome of the project on profit, growth and reputation. It can then be concluded that risk and uncertainty are not the only factors that hinder projects from contributing to the profitability, growth and the reputation of the organization. Lack of skills and proven approach to project management and risk management, lack of effective engagement with stakeholders, and clear senior management and Ministerial ownership and leaders affect the outcome of a project. Although risk and uncertainty have dire consequences for the firm, eliminating them will not guarantee projects contributing to profitability, growth and reputation of the organization. The other factors mentioned above are equally liable to project success.REFERENCESOracle white paper, A regularize Approach to Risk Manageme nt Improves Project Outcomes and Profitability, April 2010 Oracle Corporation beingness home office 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores, CA 94065 U.S.A.Dennis P. Slevin and Jeffrey K. Pinto, fit Strategy and Tactics in Project Implementation, Sloan Management Review, Fall, 1987, pp. 33-41,Kenneth K. Humphreys, Project Risk Management Advantages and Pitfalls Pe Cce Dif, n/d.Schultz, R. L. and Slevin, D. P. Implementation and Management Innovation, in Implementing operations Research and Management Science, ed. Schultz, R. L. and Slevin, D. P. (Elsevier. New York, 1975), pp. 3-22.Manley. J. H. Implementation Attitudes A Model and a Measurement Methodology. in Implementing Operating Research and Management Science, ed. Schultz. R. L. and Slevin, D. P. (Elsevier. New York, 1973), pp. 183-202.Oracle White Paper, The Benefits of Risk Assessment for Projects, Portfolios, and Businesses,June 2009. Oracle Corporation World Headquarters 500 OracleParkway Redwood Shores, CA 94065 U.S.A.Bauer M. Project achiever Factors. Retrieved from www.martinbauer.com/Articles/How-toProject/Project-Success-Factors on 21 knock against 2014.Project Management Planning,January 1997. Retrieved from www.cioarchives.ca.gov//PM3.10_Planning_Risk_Managem On 22March 2014.Ernst & Young orbiculate Limited, Effective mining and metals capital project execution,The consequences of risk. U.K Retrieved from www.ey.com on 19 March 2014.

Why Teens Make Bad Decisions

Topic Why do youngs throw off toughened decisions ? Dont be afraid to go after what you want to do, and what you want to be. tho dont be afraid to be go forth to pay the price. In the defy 20 years, the earnings level of dropouts doubled, while it nearly tripled for college graduates. Approximately 4 in 10 young women in the U. S. become pregnant at least once before turning 20 years old. These be perfect examples of bad decisions teens work up in life . Teenagers cant be considered as bigs beca manipulation their lack of maturity and their brain argonnt essential yet .Teens lack their maturity to c atomic number 18 of the consequences of there actions . They can communicate into it from fun , atmospheric pressure , and being curious/experiment . A case of a teens brain isnt developed fully so thats what recognizes them stupid . The human brain for females fully develops by the age 19 21 and for guys its 25 . Teenagers usu altogethery are non go forthing to get som e issue from hard work so they bring an easy manner out of it . Things uniform gage , doing drugs , and drinking .Many kids get peer pressure either because thats the only choice they ware , like in a party they dont want to receive like a loser or a outcast or because they started dangling out with different people and they happened to do drugs . People are influenced by peers because they want to satisfactory in, be like peers they admire, do what sepa swanwises are doing, or direct what others produce. Also influence by the way they dress and act, things theyre intricate in, and the attitudes they show. Not all peer pressure is bad , peers can localize cracking examples for each other .Having peers who are committed to school or doing good in a sport will most possible influence you to do the same . Your peers encourage you to work hard for something you real want . Your friends will be their to listen and brave you when your down and stressed . Your friends lis ten and give you their purview on things . They can also serve head you annoy decisions , friends lots give each other good advice and will be quick to tell you when you energy be doing the wrong thing or maybe something risk of infectiony .Many kids are raised regenerate and taught well only they still do bad decisions due to lack of parenting . When a kid and parents fight that kid has more than enough emotional support from the wrong people, who agree with his side of things, outside his family. Bad parenting never helps a child grow into a solid, sensible, teen but Im convinced that legion(predicate), if not most, bad choices teens make are not the result of bad parenting. The remnant for parents is to create an environment where teens can trust and have from .Its truly important that parents be aware almost how they act and feel so that they can talk close to the situation appropriately when there dealings with a teenager whose doing bad decisions . Approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people nether the age of 18 become regular smokers. One reason often heard from people using drugs is that they do it to make them feel good . some might light up a cigarette at a party . They might not consider themselves a smoker but they do it to feel good or to look cool . Some teens might smoke pot in a friends house because they would ph ace its fun . Little did they have it away that the same effects can blow all over whether youre drinking to have fun or drinking to immerse a problem whether youre doing drugs to see how they feel or doing them to be genius of the crowd . No one wants to be left out.So sometimes they make bad decisions , like taking drugs , to cover up their insecurities. They dont hypothecate astir(predicate) how drugs can isolate you from your friends and family. Lots of people turn to drugs for a critical excitement because they say theres nothing else to do . hardly people who make these kinds of decisions usually find out that drugs are a waste . Drugs dont change the situation they might make it worse . In addition some other reason why teenagers move out drugs is because they want to escape and relax .The thing is , the problems are still there and not only do they still have to deal with it , they have to deal with it when theyre not opinion straight . The number one drug that teens use is marijuana . Anyway it goes in your body will mess up the way your brain works and ability to do good decisions . These bad decisions can involve making sexual choices that are unsafe , saying things your going to regret later . Whats more prejudicious then all of those is that it can effect your memory and your ability to learn .Marijuana assumes different people in different ways , but the adjacent minuscule-term effects are common problems with thinking and solving problems hindrance remembering and learning things altered percept ion of light, sound and touch unsuitability increased appetite increased heart rate No social function why other people are using it , you dont have to join them . Youre the one that conducts to speak up and make smart choices . Many teens make the mistake of giving into their urgues without thinking things through . Sex is more then just a pleasant act , its a risk .Most teens dont apprehension to think about having sex . Deciding whether its right for you to have sex is one of the most important decisions teens ever have to make . In circumstance considering some factors both physical ones , like a possibility of becoming pregnant or getting a sexually transmitted disease (STD) . On the other hand some teens who are going out dont pressure each other about sex , truth is that in many relationships one individual wants to have sex but the other one doesnt .One soul in a relationship is more curious and has stronger sexual feelings than the other . As with almost both other major decision in life , teenagers ned to do what is right for them and no one else . Sex should be an expression of love not something a psyche feels that they must do . If a boyfriend or girlfriend truly love you they wouldnt pressure you to do something you arent ready for yet . Each someone must use his or her judgment and decide if its the right time and the right person .Alcohol use is very common among teens , oddly drinking five or more alcholic beverages over the course of a few hours , its dangerous for a teen because it puts them at risk of health problems now and the future . Everyone knows that the legal drinking age end-to-end the United States is 21. But according to the National Center on dependency and Substance Abuse , almost 80% of high school students have tried alcoholic beverage. When large amounts of alcohol are consumed in a short period of time , alcohol poisoning can result .Some reasons that teens use alcohol and other drugs are curiosity to feel go od , centre stress , and relax to fit in to feel older Although its illegal to buy alcohol in the united states until 21 , many teens can get access to it . Therefore its up to the teen to make the decision about drinking . Teens who drink are probably to get into fights and commit crimes . Teens who drink are more potential to be sexually active and have unprotected sex . Use of alcohol causes the chance that a teen will be involved in a car crash , homicide , or suicide .One thing leads to another and then another and then another. Before you know it , youve do a bad decision based on the bad decision you made before that one . As a teen your trying to find your own place in the world . Making decisions for yourself , those decisions can be good ones or bad . parents cant sit backbone and watch you make mistakes to learn from . If your parents think that you are hiding things from them in order to do things they wouldnt approve .You must behave in an open and honest manner wit h your parents at all times . You take up to give them an idea of how you think and behave when there not almost . Many teens take their relationships every bit as seriously as adults . Parents need to be validating about the teens friends and get to know them . worry it or not , the teenager friends will be most likely be their strongest influence and support when it comes to dating . Dating helps teenagers to get along with others , communicate , and make decisions .It is an important part of growing up . here(predicate) are some teenagers statistics and facts about sexuality in the United States Parents rate high among teens as trustworthy and preferred information sources on take over control. Half of teens say they trust their parents for reliable and complete information on birth control. Teens say that parents most influence their decisions about dating and relationships. 89 percent of parents think theyve had helpful conversations with their teens about sex.Only 71 pe rcent of teens agree. proboscis ensure can be a real problem for every teenager . Body form is a persons opinion , thoughts , and feelings about their body and physical show . Body image manner feeling satisfied with the way you look , appreciating your body , and accepting its imperfections . So how a teen feels about their body will travel on how they feel about themselves . If the teen gets to focused on not liking the way they look , their self esteem can go down .While its important to have a positive body image , getting too focused on body image and appearance can cause a teen to overlook the other positive parts of themselves . Teenagers are more worried about body image than the environment , school and peer pressure. Self esteem is all about how much people value themselves , the pride they feel In themselves , and how they feel . Its important because feeling good about yourself will affect you on the way that you act . Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves.Thats not the right way to solve your insecuritys about yourself , all you need to do is change the way you see your body and what you think about yourself . Sexually transmitted diseases ( STD ) are infections diseases that spread from person to person . STD can affect guys and girls from all ages who are having sex . If you untreat some STDs can cause permanent damage like not having a baby or even death . STDs spread tardily because you cant tell whether someone has it or not .In fact some teens have STDs and dont even know it . These teens are in danger of passing the infection to their sex fellow without realizing it . Two of the main reasons people are bullied are because of appearance and social status . Bullies pick on people they dont fit in , maybe because of how they look , how they act , or their race or religion . Teens in a popular group often sashay people they think is different by excluding them and talk about them . A lo t of bullies have things in common .They like to take over and focus on themselves . They sometimes have no feelings or care to other people . Bullies put other people down to make themselves feel more powerful . And some bullies act the way they do because theyve been hurt by bullies in the past or maybe the yobbo was in there family like their parents or even another adult . Bullying backfires and makes everyone feel bad and miserable even the bullies themselves . People might feel intimidated by bullies , but they dont respect them.

Home Reading Report Task

A home Reading Report Task in GED 211 330-430 Submitted to Prof. Jocelyn Bacasmut Submitted by Vanessa Lou P. Jagdon BSED-English March 15, 2013 Acknowledgement First of each(prenominal), I would like to give thanks our Lord Almighty God for the knowledge that He has given to me. His portray helped me to comprehend the book/novel that Ive read for the whole term. Secondly, a huge thanks to my ever supportive family, I basal financially and emotionally they were always present. Also, to my friends who shows great moral support while Im doing this Home Reading Report Task.And lastly, to Lisa Gardner, the author of The Third dupe, she is obviously the main reason why I chose this book since I got hooked on her story. Its mysterious, intriguing, and psychologically thrilling. iii Tcap fitted of content Book C everyplace .. ii Acknowledgement .. iii __________________________________________________________ Summary 1 analytic thinking of the novel a. Setting 3 b. Characters 3 c. M ode 3 d.Plot . 3 i. Introduction . 3 ii. Rising action 3 iii. sexual climax . 3 iv. Falling action .. . 4 v. Conclusion 4 e. matter .. 4 Refection 5 Picture 5 Summary In the d avercast townsfolk of Bakersville, Oregon, an unthinkable and tragic crime happens. The small town was rocked when a solitary gunman opens fire at the Bakersvilles K-8.Instead of himself, Sheriff Shep OGrady amazingly places police officer Lorraine Connor as the primary. Once on the scene, officer Rainie Connor precept the Computer-science instructor Miss Melissa Avalon, with a clean shot on her sharpen by the mass murderer. Two little girls were also killed but with nonuple bullets. Much of the physical evidence is already damaged due to the cuckoos nest that occurred out front Raine arrives on the scene, but more contamination follows. Rainie arrested the thirteen division old Danny OGrady. The Sheriffs troubled and loner son is put property the murder weapons. He confesses to the shootings .His father further contaminates the crime scene before Raine shag get him to leave. He loves his son that much, and he believes that Danny, his little son, fuckt hurt them especially his favorite Computer-Science teacher Miss Avalon. police military officer Shep is determined that his son will not go to prison no matter what he has to do or say. But the township are certain that the killer has been put together and only want him punished, no matter what his age. The State sends Homicide detective Abe Sanders, a methodical cop, to take bang of the case. FBI Special Agent shove Quincy leaves his dying daughter to also get hitched with the investigation.Now the question arises did Danny actually commit the crime although all evidence points to him or is there individual behind all this? Quincy tells Raine that he has some doubts closely Danny being the killer because of the precise way the teacher was murdered. As the third works together, the town wonders why a good lit tle boy would do such a bad thing. Overwhelming evidence points towards the rookie but some items lead to a more professional murderer yet no clear suspect surfaces. Unconsciously, they didnt know that the significant killer was just inside the town, following them, especially Officer Rainie Conner. 1As they go deeper to the investigation, a dark secret that Rainie has been hiding for 14 years was revealed. It was the offensive death of her mother. It was suspected that Rainie killed her mother. Thats what the real mass murderer love about Rainie, the thought that she killed her own mother and the thing that he regretted that he didnt do it to his disgraceful father. Due to Detective Sanders, FBI Agent Quincy and Officer Connors thorough investigation, they found out that Danny is not innocent on the school shooting. He is the one who killed the two little girls, but someone influenced him to do it so.It is the school councilor, Richard Mann. This mans real identity is total he at Hawkins of Minneapolis, Minnesota. He only uses the name Richard Mann to get inside the school district. Quincy was able to link him to other school shooting wherein a student was a major(ip) suspect. As Quincy and Detective Sanders seek for the mass murderer, Officer Connor found herself in the woods. She was kidnapped by total heat Hawkins. He forced Rainie to admit that she killed her mummy and state to him on how does it feel to take the biography of her mother.He got peeved when Lorraine Connor denied on exterminating her mother but, she admitted that she killed her mothers boyfriend because he raped her. Since Hawkins got frustrated, he attempted slaying Rainie. Good thing Quincy and the other cops arrived and saved Officer Connor. Henry Hawkins committed suicide right before they caught him. Hes thinking that it is better to die that to be captured a expire and devastated. Danny OGrady was sentenced 25 years of imprisonment and Rainie Connor was removed in the service f or killing Dave Duncan, the mortal who raped her, and buried his corpse on their lawn. The Third Victim Analysis of the Novel a. Setting Bakersville, Oregon Bakersville K-8 b. Characters Lorraine Conner, Danny OGrady, Shep OGrady, FBI Agent Pierce Quincy, Detective Abe Sanders, Richard Mann/Henry Hawkins, Sandy OGrady, Becky OGrady, Principal VanderZanden, Officer Luke Hayes, c. Mode Devastation, Frustration, Seeking justice, d. Plot * Introduction In the small town of Bakersville, Oregon, an unthinkable and tragic crime happens. The small town was rocked when a lone gunman opens fire at the Bakersvilles K-8. Rising Action The Computer-science teacher was cleanly shot on her, and two other little girls were killed with duplex bullets. Danny confessed that he did all those shootings. Officer Connor arrested him for suspicious murder for seeing him with a gun. The families of the victims were seeking justice and wants Danny OGrady be imprisoned. * 3 Climax Detective Sander, F BI Agent Quincy, and Officer Conner made a thorough investigation on the school shooting. And as they go further through the investigation, Officer Connors dark past was revealed. Fourteen years ago, Rainie was accused of killing her own mother inside their house.Rumors were all over the town and this horrible progeny makes a way for the criminal to start his long term plan. His letdown of not having the strength of taking away the life of his merciless and abusive father will soon be eased for this young adult female will bring hope for his aching and bone-breaking past. * Falling action They found out that Richard Mann, the school councilor, was the one who influenced Danny to kill those innocent little girls. They were redden able to locate the origin if the killer, his real name is Henry Hawkins from Minneapolis, Minnesota.Quincy was able to link him to other school shooting wherein a student is the major suspect. * Conclusion They made an entrapment operation to apprehend Richard Mann/Henry Hawkins, but they were to a fault late. He was able to escape just before they arrive. When Rainie went home, she saw Hawkins in her foyer. Unnoticeably, Hawkins hit Rainies head and she fell down. When she finally woke up, she just saw herself in the woods. Hawkins forced Rainie to tell him that she really killed her own mother, but Rainie denied it that caused Henry Hawkins to finally kill her. Fortunately, Agent Quincy and his fellow cops arrived and saved Rainie.But its too late for Henry Hawkins, he committed suicide before he got caught. e. Theme Mystery Psychological 4 Reflection Through this book, I learned that possible things might have happened, whether it is bad or good. solely we have to do is to accept it whole heartedly and move on. Go over with our lives and leave the wicked past behind. Theres nothing we can do to change on whats already done, but all we can do is to live with it and learn to love it. God gave us life to live, so enjoy it an d live life to the fullest. It is not inevitable to forget the past, but only those that are needed to be and deserving the change.Yes, were not perfect and we need to accept the fact that were only humans. We get hurt, and ironically most of the time, but it doesnt mean that you have all the rights to destroy others lives or let them experience the life that youve been living. On the first place, it is your choice to live an unpleasant life. Learn to chip off blaming others for someones fault. Make use of your time for your own, not for the others. time heals all wounds, but scars dont. These scars cant be left-hand(a) on the past, but are the ones that we need to face for us to live with a peaceful mind and a strong heart. 5

How movies influence kids Essay

My Favorite Holiday My favorite holiday is Christmas. Christmas was the month deliverer Christ was born. Tradition whollyy go alongd at home, Christmas is thought to be a family holiday. However nowadays the habits and ideas of people contribute changed very much. Christmas becomes more of a global holiday when it is appropriate to meet with many friends and go erupt for a round the night crazy celebrations. Every person finds their aver most favorite thing about Christmas. In this small turn up I will explain what this holiday means to me, and what are the better(p) parts of it that I enjoy.As for me, the best thing about Christmas is big. During Christmas I buy toys and clothes and to donate them to Churches and Charities to help those that are less fortunate. Christmas mollify people are usually more friendly and gentle to all(prenominal) other. They try to leave every sorrow and offense behind in the year that is passing by. I compute this approach is a employ for a pe rson to make them feel good mentally and physically giving happiness and hope for a better future in the next year . When there is joy in the air, the organism wants to celebrate along with the mind. The renewal of the hope is felt all around.I have loved the celebration of Christmas since my early childhood. I still enjoy decorating the Christmas manoeuvre and simply walking around the streets looking at the decorations of the buildings and the trees around the city. In our country Christmas trees stand everywhere, for instance you can see them in squares and parks, in schools and offices, in shops and at homes. And what fun is it to wake up early in the morning and take a look under the tree quest the presents Santa article brought. Of course, now that I am grown I spot that someone from my family puts the presents there but I still wish to think that a very kind and fair old man called Santa Clause does it. As Santa brings the presents to the small children, the grown-ups enjo y exchanging presents with each other.I like giving presents to people, also like to get them as well he-he Most of all in conclusion WHAT IS CHRISTMAS? Christmas is the season during which Christians everywhere give thanks to theology the Father for the birth of His Son, JesusChrist.

Alternative Investments Essay

Executive SummaryThe purpose of the report is to do an in-depth dressigation, study and analytic thinking on resource enthronisations. From the various alternative coronations, our team of analyst chose commodities, multivariate annuities and all overreach silver as our subject of interest for the study. distri saveively fiscal merchandise has its own leases as to cater to the different dedicatement goals to fit out the drives of investors. Thus, just by looking at the basis on big-ticket(prenominal)ness and impose-efficiency, and indeedly from selecting the cave in ace is unwise. We have to look at the overall picture and considering archean(a) indispensable factors like chances, liquidity, plus allocation which be equally pregnant. on that pointfore, our basis of evaluation comp go ons of various important factors so as to suck upa robust analysis.Firstly, commodities atomic digit 18 a passing demanded investiture which is traded victimisation o ptions and futures contract.. Moreover, they ar also an element of diversification that investors tail start out their vulnerability to mart unpredictability. Despite its high volatility in its prices, it man come ond to cause a high turn support as comp ard to stocks and bonds. As commodities have a low coefficient of correlational statistics with bonds and stocks, it is able to burn irregular adventure done diversification. Its high correlation with lay out of inflation hence looks favorable in times of crisis and these enable investors to control its asset allocation ending.By using the 60/40 task treatment, it has shown that it is indeed an cost-effective method in lowering taxes. Its high commodity merchandise liquidity thus appear promising to investors as it correlates well with it scrawlet transaction especially in corn, gold and precious metals futures. Moreover, it is advisable for them to allocate 5% to 10% of their investment to commodities so a s for better diversification to eliminate unsystematic risk of exposure. As it has no or few substitute, it is advised that investor should take none of just close(prenominal) un conveyed risk involved.Variable annuities on the early(a) hand argon tax-deferred with a tieal as real only after the age of 59. The cognitive process of its sub-accounts disturbs numerous an other(prenominal) aspect of variant annuity. This is so as the performance of varied downstairslying investments in the sub-account results in non- reproducible diffusion in its hark backs. Furtherto a great extent, uncertain annuity is relatively volatile as it effects tend to varies as undifferentiatedity to the drop deads of its profound investments. Thus, granted with a choice of an asset for the be investments, investors leave alone elect an underlying asset that is non-correlated to their portfolio holdings. Variable annuity also incurs presumable be.However, the main benefit of inves titure in variant annuity is that it is super tax-efficient as it is a tax-deferred vehicle. This recoils the tax burden on investors and at the like time creates an opportunity for them to invest in tax-inefficient vehicles sooner the onanism date as no tax is imposed before the date. The downside to investing in inconstant annuity is that it has liquidity risks. However, it piece of tail reduce unsystematic risk signifi tintly collect to the investment options forits sub-account and this important aspect of it also propose investors with the ability to allocate their assets.The primary aim of most outsmart livestocks is to reduce volatility and risk while attempting to affect keen and pull through positive returns under all market conditions which brings investors an indispensable option to invest in escape p atomic number 18ntage. With a low amount loss of approximately nonhing, set back entrepots argon highly of an wages as it does non fluctuate astr ay inwardly periods. However, volatility is not the only indication of risk affecting the blood. For hedge money, the skewness variations be not uniform across styles.While hedge superior offer effectiveness for returns that atomic number 18 not highly correlated with other markets, their quaint properties would also cerebrate that they involve a high degree of risk. Its fees atomic number 18 regular thus investors should follow accordingly. hold over Funds exploit different managements to downplay capital increments and income taxes for investors. With the tax income Exemption for capital of Singapore Resident Funds, it places investment in falsify Fund at an good. Putting their trust in the fund managers ability to meet the funds clinicals, it is then recommended for investors to choose the decently fund manager to manage their investments.From the in-depth analysis on alternative investments, we realized that thither is no a perfect product to solely invest in . Each alternative assets has its advantages and disadvantages, thus we have to invest in varieties of asset classes yet diversified it. There is also the regard for proper asset allocation management and the use of investment strategies. penetrationThe continual search to reap higher risk-adjusted returns has led to a number of highly alternative assets to be considered for financial investment purpose. Thus, the growth of alternative investments market is outstanding. According to the 2010 Alternative Investment Survey of U.S Institutions and Financial Advisor, 36% of the institutional investors that be surveyed have $1-10 Billion in asset under management and 29% with great than $11 Billion in asset under management. In this report, our team of financial analyst has chose to do an in depth analysis on commodities, variableannuities and hedge funds. Through this report, we are going analyze the aforementioned alternative assets through various important factors namely its retu rns, risks, costs, other competitive advantages and disadvantages. At the end of this report, we hope to carry through an in-depth evaluation on the attractiveness of each(prenominal) subject of interest and retain sound recommendations.Introduction to CommoditiesCommodities are raw materials used for producing secondary good enoughs which are transacted in volumes and classified into energy, metals, grains and livestock. Manufacturers in the commodities market purchase commodities inquireed on a spot market while speculators purchase and sell commodities using options and futures contracts. Commodity markets are real demand and supply markets. Thus with the increase world population, there is now higher demand than supply for commodities, devising commodities a viable investment for both the present and the future. evaluate ReturnsDuring inflation, commodities come up returns imparting soar. When making an investment in commodities one hobo expect returns that are capital return. Commodities have been providing its investors with relatively high returns, exhibiting negative correlations with equities and bonds as well as hedge a createst risks. Based on the Commodity footing Index for the past year, expected returns were at 0.85%, volatility were at 0.0641 which is considered to be relatively low, while the return-risk was 0.1319.VolatilityVolatility in commodities prices fluctuated recently with their highs and lows collectible to the interference of the commodities market like political disputes and indispensable disasters. In 1973 to 2007, base on the S&P 500 Index, MSCI Index and Lehman Brothers Bond Index, it has an one-yearized return of 10.9% and 24.5% annual standard deviation, volatility. Although stocks performed better than commodity, commodities volatility was in the peak compares among stocks and bonds. diachronic risk return on commodity had remained positive of about 5% during the years. T-statistic, outlining the take aim of c onfidence that the risk return is different from 0 shows afigure of 2.84 which shows that it is higher than stocks and bonds. dissemination of returns Refer to AppendixFrom the bell-shaped curve, we can surmise that the dispersion of returns on commodities is widely distributed and tends to be close to a normal distribution as investors are concern about their real returns as they trust to outdistance inflation. As compared to stocks and bonds, the returns in commodities are positively skewed. Since returns for commodities investment is right(a) skewed, it means that the amount of returns leave be higher than stocks and bonds which are negatively skewed. Returns distribution is very wide as the returns show a greater than 3 excess kurtosis. However, this also means higher risk for investors due to the wide distribution of returns.Correlation with other asset classes Refer to AppendixFrom the table, it shows that Standard & pathetics 500 and the comp all are closely related in contrast to the other asset classes. GSCI and 1 month T-bills with a correlation value of -0.003, proves that they are item-by-item of one another. It is revealed that commodities futures are negatively correlated to returns of stocks and bonds with coefficients of -0.42 and -0.25 respectively. Therefore, by allocating funds to those assets of negative correlations, it provides the benefits of diversification when facing a complete risk asset class.Fees, Trading and other expensesThere are many fees and expenses that are implied in commodities trading. When trading commodities, investors incur management and brokerage fees, go tax and a possible loss of investments. When a futures contract is purchased, an initial down ease upment on the total futures price (initial security deposit) is to be made. The margin requirement is basically a small percentage of the total buying price for a commodity. This margin requirement usually adds up to be less than 10%.LiquidityCommodity marke t liquidity frequently correlates well with commodity markettrading profits. Investors can benefit in high commodity market liquidity. It is easier to enter and exit trades. With the high trading volume and liquidity, the statistics of predictive ability of time honored tools like candle holder patterns formulates tend to be to a greater extent precise. Commodities that offer good commodity market liquidity include trading in Corn and Gold futures. Each of these trades at high volume and high liquidity. However, they are driven by different factors. Gold and other precious metals perform well when investors are worried about inflation or when there is the threat of scotch or political disruption. Corn is determined by supply and demand. statusThe location of where the commodity is produced is not an important factor that an investor should consider as there are similar products that depart be sold unheeding of where it has been produced. Hence investors consideration of location is not take when making an investment.Tax EfficiencyIn commodities, it is quite tax-efficient as they follow the 60/40 tax treatment whereby 60% of the gain is taxed as want-run gains and 40% are taxed as short-term gains. Long-term capital gains are cap at 15% which is favorable for high income investors, meaning that 60% of gains exit be taxed at 15% while 40% of gains will be taxed at 35% which both equals to 23% for commodities. Thus, it will armed service investor to keep on notes in tax. ability to eliminate or significantly reduce unsystematic risk Investing in commodities does not reduce unsystematic risks. Firstly natural disaster and bad weather whitethorn affect a various types of commodities. Another risk is geopolitical risk. This risk come in as worlds natural resources are located in various continents and the jurisdiction over these commodities lies with sovereign governments, international companies, and many other entities. Thus, international disagreement s over the control of natural resources are quite commonplace. Negotiations on the extractions are pretty tense as disagreements may easily rise over licensing agreements, tax structures, environmental concerns, employment of indigenous workers, access to technology, and many other complex issues.Ability to control the asset allocation conclusionInvestors are able to control asset allocation decision in commodities. This is so as commodities are not professionally managed unless you have the intentions to. Thus, investors who appetite for professional money managers who specialize in commodity trading to apportion their investments, they may turn to ETFs or usual funds. With that, commodities traders are able to freehanded decisions on the allocation of their assets. It is advisable for investor to allocate more of his investments to other types of investments and allocates 5 to 10% of his investments into commodities due to its volatility. rest? Any alternatives that achieve th e analogous intention in a more efficient less big-ticket(prenominal) and/or more tax efficient- appearance Commodities have few/no substitutes as they are generic goods that we utilize in our everyday lives. Its suggested for any investor to take into consideration the unexpected risk such as natural disasters and bad weather. If they allocate most of their investment in commodities and when an adverse solution strikes, they would be caught in a difficult position. Commodities have the best advantage against inflation. During inflation, prices of commodities have the tendency to rise. Therefore, as an investor in commodities, you would be able to gain much from the increment of value.Introduction to Variable AnnuitiesVariable annuities are tax-deferred investment vehicle that comes with a minimal restitution contract so they can qualify for their tax-deferred status. Variable annuities can be immediate or deferred. formerly you reach 59, you can begin withdrawing the funds wi thout any penalty.Expected ReturnsVariable annuity has no expected rate of returns as its return is based on the marketplace performance. Its fees will be subtracted from the returns. By diversifying assets, a portfolio may have a higher return possible with a lower level of risk than the portfolios components would achieve separately.VolatilityThe standard deviation indicates the tendency of the returns to rise or fall drastically in a short period of time. Since the return on investment in a variable annuity is directly tied to the performance of sub-accounts that make up investors annuity, the fund would exhibit a high standard deviation as each years return of the fund may differ from its mean return. This in turn makes variable annuity riskier as it is volatile.Distribution of returnsReturn on investment in a variable annuity is directly tied to the performance of sub-accounts that make up investors annuity. If the underlying investments are in stock and bonds for example, the res potential for a greater return. However, this will be coupled with a higher risk of loss including loss of capital which involves the funding options. It means that payments and wages are not guaranteed. Thus the skewness variations are not uniform as returns varies depending on the instruments it consists of in the underlying investments.Correlation with other asset classesVariable annuity offers a range of investments options for the sub-accounts. Investors will have to choose a specific one of his interest. Thus, entitle with the benefit of deciding the underlying investments, it enable investors to pick an asset that is low correlated or non-correlated with other assets classes of his portfolio. Thus, variable annuity offers balance and diversification to investors.FeesFirstly, there is the surrender charge. It is a type of barters charge that will be issued to the customer when they withdraw money from a variable annuity within a certain period (which may vary from six to ten years) after the purchase. It is to pay the financial professional as a commission for the sale of the variable annuity. It decreases gradually over the surrender period, usually 1% less each year. Next, it is the mortality and expense risk charge which is 1.25% per year. It compensates insurance company for insurance risks. Its profit is to pay the insurers initial cost of sale ofthe variable annuity. Next up is the administrative fees which are charges for record-keeping and other administrative expenses and is charged 0.15%.Trading and other expensesUnderlying Fund Expenses are fees that will be charged indirectly and they are imposed by mutual funds which are the underlying investment options in the variable annuity. Fees and Charges for other features are other miscellaneous fees charged in special features offered in about variable annuities. Such features include stepped-up death benefit and long-term care insurance.LiquidityVariable annuity has liquidity risk in it whe reby the proceeds from the variable annuity may be unavailable at the time of withdrawal or it will be available but at a significantly lowered value. These are attributable to two factors. Firstly, because annuities are designed as retirement vehicles, getting out early can mean taking a loss. Many variable annuities measure out surrender charges for withdrawals within a specified period, which can be as long as 6 to 8 years. Furthermore, any withdrawals before an investor reaches the age of 59 /2 are subject to a 10% tax penalty by the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) in addition to any gain being taxed as ordinary income. Secondly, if the holder is in a need for cash and must liquidate his variable annuity, there is a happening that on the date of liquidation, its account balance is lower than what it was preceding(prenominal)ly plainly due to market fluctuations.LocationAnnuities are a commonplace in the current world but substantially it existed way back during the roman ty pe times. It was then introduced in Europe and the United Kingdom. It made its mark in America in 18th century but was only richly aware of in the 1930s where the Great Depression caused Americans to save for a rainy day. Variable annuities were first created in America in 1952. Today, variable annuities is popular than ever with sales estimated to be USD40.2 billion and are offered in many countries due to its applicability for retirement purposes. Singapore is not excluded in the variable annuitiesmarket as well. Manulife Singapore launched the first variable annuity, Secure solitude Plus (US$), in 2007 and later introduced Secure Retirement Plus(S$) in 2008.Tax EfficiencyVariable Annuities are tax-deferred. It can help investors save more while cut down their overall tax burden. This provides investors with good opportunity to invest in tax-inefficient vehicles such as bonds and types of equities. However, there will be a taxable amount of 10% IRS penalty with withdrawal befor e reaching the age of 59 years. This means that investors pay no taxes on the income and investment gains from their annuity until the withdrawal date. They may also hit their money from one investment option to another within a variable annuity without paying tax at the time of the transfer. At their withdrawal of variable annuity, they will be taxed on the pull inings at ordinary income tax rates rather than lower capital gains rates.Ability to eliminate or significantly reduce unsystematic risk By diversifying, investing in variable annuity does reduce unsystematic risk. Investors are able to make payment purchase and allocate it to various asset classes such as small-company stocks, international government bonds and fixed annuities. Unsystematic risk decreases as the number of stocks in a portfolio increases. It could help to protect the investors against carry on losses in a single stock or sector of the market.Ability to control the asset allocation decisionVariable rent e has an accumulation phase whereby the investor makes purchase payments in which they can allocate it to a number of investment options. Moreover, it is a flexible investment that allows investors to move their money into more steadfast accounts such as fixed account to preserve their gains. It also allows investors to have play in the strong stock market.Substitute? Any alternatives that achieve the same objective in a more efficient less expensive and/or more tax efficient- manner ExchangeTraded Note (ETN) is an alternative that can achieve the same objective of a variable annuity in a less expensive and more tax efficient way. A variable annuity can cost up to 4% a year in its fees, while ETN only charge 1% fees. twain ETN and variable annuities are tax efficient and there is no negative tax consequence coin bank the ETN is sold. However, while an annuity is passed through death to its beneficiaries, its entire gain will be taxed. The ETN under the current estate tax laws, wi ll be receiving a step up in basis, this makes it more tax efficient than the variable annuity. However, investors of ETN have to assume credit risk as it is an unlocked debt. Thus, we have to look at other equally important factors before deciding the better alternative as just using cost-effectiveness and tax-efficiency does not equate to a robust evaluation.Introduction to Hedge FundHedge fund is a fund that can take both long and short positions through the use of arbitrage, buying and merchandising undervalued securities, trading options or bonds, and investing in any opportunity in any market where it foresees impressive gains at reduced risk. Its strategies vary enormously especially instantly with volatility and anticipation of corrections in overheated stock markets whereby many hedge against downturns in the markets. Main aim of most hedge funds is to reduce volatility and risk while trying to preserve capital and deliver positive returns under all market conditions.Expe cted Returns almost hedge funds goal is to earn a positive return despite how the overall stock market is performing. It is refer to as an arbitrary return. Absolute return gains and losses of a hedge fund can be measured relative only to the assets in the fund itself and investors do not compare returns to market benchmarks. With the absolute return goal, hedge fund managers often use aggressive investment techniques like short selling and leveraging.VolatilityStandard deviation reports a funds volatility which indicates the tendency of the returns to rise or fall drastically in a short period of time. It measures this risk by measuring the degree to which the fund fluctuates inrelation to its mean return, the average return of a fund over a period of time. Since hedge fund seeks absolute returns independent of market movements the standard deviation for this fund would then be zero as the funds return does not differ within periods. Hence it shows that hedge funds are highly at a n advantage since the fund with the lower standard deviation would be more optimum as it is maximizing the return incurd for the amount of risk acquired.Distribution of ReturnsBy knowing which way data is skewed, one can better estimate whether a data future point will be more or less than the mean. For hedge funds, the skewness variations are not uniform across styles. For instance, when the number of funds increases, the skewness drops systemically and is negative for quick-frozen Income Arbitrage, Convertible Arbitrage and Event Driven Strategies while it increases slightly. The Kurtosis tends to be punishing in the -0.5 to +0.5 range. Changes in kurtosis tend to less predictable and differ widely over time and across investment styles. However, diversification within some hedge fund strategies may appear highly attractive in mean or variance terms, but this is much less so when skewness and kurtosis are taken into account as assessing hedge funds based on return and volatilit y criteria maybe misleading because of the potential underestimation of return volatilities.Correlation with other asset classesCorrelation is interlinked with diversification. Investors aim for a sound portfolio which is achievable through applying diversification. However, tralatitious assets classes like bonds and stocks are increasingly linked. Hedge funds which performances often highly dependent on the qualities of individual investment decisions or strategies, as opposed to being highly correlated to an overall market, diversify risk thus bringing about high returns. Instead of achieving returns from market activities, hedge funds use unique investing strategies to exploit market inefficiencies that the markets have not perceived. This further increase diversification which put them at a better stead than traditional asset classes.FeesHedge fund consists of 3 kinds of fees. Sales Charge. It is a one-time charge, principally 5% and its the front-end load or commission that is charged on the investment amount. Management fee. It varies around 2% and it is charged on an annual basis and imputed into the Net plus Value of the fund. motion fee. It varies around 10-20% above the benchmark and it is charged on an annual basis and imputed into the Net Asset Value of the fund. The benchmark can be simply the zero return line or a benchmark like the London Interbank Offered Rate. Performance fees are charged on a high water mark which means investors are only charged for excess returns with reference to the previous high. If investment drop in value, the manager must bring it back above the previous greatest value before they can receive performance fees.Trading and other expensesApart from the above fees, investors also need to pay expenses such as the accounting and tax preparation expenses, auditing expenses, costs and expenses of entering into and utilizing credit facilities and structured notes, swaps or derivative instruments.LiquidityThere are two fo rms of liquidity constraints that are impose on investors which are liquidity dates and lock-up. Liquidity dates refer to pre-specified times of the year when an investor is allowed to redeem shares. Hedge funds typically have quarterly liquidity dates. Moreover, it is often required that investors give advanced notice of the desired to redeem these salvation notices are often required 30 days in advance of actual redemption. Lockup refers to the initial amount of time an investor is required to keep his or her money in the fund before redeem shares. Lockup and so represents a commitment to keep initial investment in a fund for a period of time. For Singapore registered hedge fund, MAS guidelines stipulate one regular dealing day per quarter. Redemption of funds usually requires a notice period and it states that redemption proceeds must be paying to the end investor within 95 days from the dealing day the redemption request is accepted.LocationFunds with a regional presence outpe rform those without one. Risk-adjusted return difference between nearby and distant hedge fund portfolio is about 4% and is significant. A funds geographical proximity to the companies in which it invests the closer it is to its investments the greater the chances that the hedge fund will earn high returns. They are better able to take advantage of topical anesthetic information via short selling and the use of derivatives. Direct way for hedge fund to take advantage of local knowledge is to invest in stocks and bonds in their region. Moreover, Singapore is perceived as having a high level of transparency and reliability in business, economic and regulatory affairs. It boasts a stable political structure, well-established judicial system and forward-looking financial authority thus bringing an advantage to investors locally.Tax efficiencyTax consideration can be a benefit of alternative investments, particularly hedge funds which exploit different ways to minimize capital gains an d income taxes for investor. Investors might be worried of being charged at a higher rate for tax. Singapore has in place a tax incentive fascinate which exempts offshore funds from tax. Broadly speaking, a qualifying fund will be granted tax exemption provided it is not 100% have by Singapore investors. There is also Tax Exemption for Singapore Resident Funds. It requires pre-approval from the authorities and although it is aligned to the offshore fund exemption scheme, some additional conditions have been imposed.Ability to eliminate or significantly reduce unsystematic risk To diversify from stock-specific risk known as non-systematic risk one can invest in a range of stocks with different characteristic. Most investors of such practice regard it as unwise not to diversify into non-systematic risk. However, killing two birds with one stone is a more attractive opportunity to be seized. Thus, we turn to hedge fund. The main judgment behind diversifying your non-systematic risk into assets like hedge funds is that any investment with a positive expected return, low volatility and low correlation to the rest of portfolio, will have a great chance of reducing the overallportfolio volatility which is an additional advantage as compared to diversifying through stocks and bonds. Thus, hedge fund is an indispensable option.Ability to control asset allocation decisionHedge fund manager has total trading authority over the fund. They are not required to provide investors with information about the underlying holdings of the hedge funds. Thus, theres a lack of transparency when investing in hedge funds. Investors are putting their complete trust in the managers ability to meet the funds objectives. As such, investors lose control over their asset allocation. Thus, it is essential to choose the right fund manager to manage their investments.Substitute? Any alternatives that achieve the same objective in a more efficient less expensive and/or more tax efficient- mann er The primary objective of hedge funds is to reduce volatility and risk while attempting to preserve capital and deliver positive returns under all market conditions. The emphasis here is positive returns under all market conditions and thus this explains fully use of goods and services of specialized and carefully selected investment strategies to achieve that primary goal.There are alternatives which are less expensive and more tax-efficient such as ETFs and ETNs. Both offer similar advantages which are lower fees, lower investment minimums and greater tax efficiency. However, both products have different investments goals. ETFs mirror the indexes they track by holding diversified collection of securities, such as stocks or bonds but traded like stock on an exchange while ETN is an unsecured debt typically issued by an investment bank that mirror index like ETF. Thus, from the way they operate, we are able to conclude that their investment aims just show differences with that of hedge funds.

Laboratory Method

Laboratory method Lesson 42 Different Methods of name Propagation Reference Effective Technology and Home Economics II By Luz Villanueva Rojo Julia Garcia Cruz Dr. Cristina Villanueva I. Preparatory method Motivation Let the students guess the picture. jot down their guesses on the board. Reveal the picture. 1. Have you tried planting a seed? 2. Have you tried propagating a plant exploitation disparate kind of method? Orientation to the Work/ActivityRead thisrespiratory ActivityMarcotting is a nonher way of plant extension service where in the stems are include to take results while still attached to the mother plant. video display of the Materials 1. Young plant 2. Knife 3. Moistened soil 4. Plastic 5. Coconut still hunt 6. String 7. Pot Procedure 1. Remove a ring of the shin below the node 3-5 cm long. 2. Scrape the cambium layer but not too deep into the wood to prevent healing before root formation takes place. 3. After the callus formation has taken place, wrap the sum mon with moist soil and coconut husk. . Cover securely with plastic and draw and quarter both ends using string, water the marcot regularly to prevent the drying and hardening of the soil. 5. When exuberant roots grow cut off the marcot just below the globe of soil that holds the root. 6. After cutting the marcot place into a pot astronomic enough to provide sufficient room for the roots. 7. Place in a cool and shady place. 8. Precautionary Measures 1. Be careful in using the knife. 2. Make sure that your hands are covered with plastic when tactual sensation the soil. . Wash hands after the activity. II. Supervise Work Period or Laboratory Visit each group and observe if proper treatment of tools is applied and steps are being followed correctly. III. Culminating Activities Each group entrust have their representative to report the result of their experiment. How is marcotting different from seed propagation? What have you conclude after the experiment? Do the process at home and produce a new plant.

The Nacirema

In re estimate of the article Body ritual Among the Nacirema by Horace Miner, this was a very satirical piece on how native-born Americans had a very ritualistic approach towards many religious ceremonies and how they interacted with each(prenominal) other at these ceremonies. Horace Miner brought up very appalling view points about the native Americans. The way he worded his synopsis of his studies was very macabre and oppressive. Almost making the foreigners to him seem animalistic.When in real life they were doing things such(prenominal) as going to the doctor and getting their teeth cleaned just now since he did not know the tools they were using it was foreign to him. This makes me wonder what I genuinely see in other cultures to be foreign or domestic. I may go to another country in a upstage place and see very odd things and maybe be ball everywhere but to those people it is the proven science to survival for them. Also in the satirical aspect of this paper it makes m e think of how we should look at people. subsequently reading through the article it seemed that the anthropologist went into this looking for something out of the ordinary. In canvas each person seems to look and key on the interesting facts, but if you look to hard and over exaggerate it seems to imbelish what was in truth happening. So rattling it seems that even though this article was satirical in its purpose it over eggagerated the tools and purposes of medicine practices then and made people appear to be something that they actually were not.

Agrippina the Younger Essay

Agrippina the Younger, the wife of Claudius and contract of Nero, was one of the approximately famous women in Roman history and one of the greatest influences on Neros triumph. She was an intelligent woman that was willing to do anything to help her son, Nero, acquire the throne. However, Nero thought that she was too military groupful during his reign that he was the one to intent her death in 59 CE. Agrippina was born in Ara Ubiorum, capital of Italy on November 6, 15 CE. Her parents, Agrippina the Elder and Germanicus Julius Caesar, were some(prenominal) grandchildren of Augustus. Agrippina had many other siblings.When she was thirteen, the emperor moth Tiberius arranged her marriage to Gnaeus Germanicus Ahenobarbus, which occurred in 28. The following year, her mother and her oldest brother were arrested and exiled for plotting against Tiberius. Afterwards, both her mother and brother passed away. In 37, Agrippina gave birth to Lucius Domitius, who was also known as Nero. Then, Gaius Caligula, her brother, became the emperor. He made Agrippina along with two other sisters honorary stark(a) Virgins. He raised their status by adding their names to the annual oaths of homage to the emperor.Caligula accused Agrippina and his other sister Livilla of having single-valued functions with M. Aemilius Lepidus, whom he chose as his meantime successor. Also, in 39, Agrippina joined a plot to assassinate Caligula. Therefore, Agrippina and Livilla were exiled to the Pontian Islands, off the brim of Southern Italy. While she was in exile, Agrippina husband died in 40 CE. In 41, Agrippinas uncle, Claudius, became the emperor. Therefore, he brought her and her sister back from exile. Agrippina got married to Claudius in 49. Her inclination was to harbour sure that Nero inherits the throne. Thus, she convinced Claudius to adopt Nero in 50 AD.Agrippina eliminated totally the potential enemies that will try to prevent Neros ascension to the throne. During the r eign of Claudius, she received the title Augusta, becoming the first woman to be honored while her husband is alive and the second woman to be honored during her lifetime. Also, her name was attached to a colony for discharged veterans at oppidum Ubiorum. Unfortunately, Claudius died in 54 AD, and Agrippina was accused of poisoning him in order to turn over Nero the emperor. Nero inherited the throne in 54 AD. Agrippina had a lot of power during the early years of Neros reign, and she ruled most of the empire.Nero had many conflicts with his mother during that time because she was bossy and tried to control him. She did not approve of his affair with Acte, a freedwoman. Since Nero was not obeying her, she started supporting Britannicus, his stepbrother and Claudiuss son. This led Nero to fork up Britannicus killed in 35. Then, Nero chose his mistress, Poppaea Sabina, over his mother. He forced Agrippina to move out of the castle in 55. Agrippina became too almighty during Neros reign that he endlessly tried to reduce her power. Finally, Nero began to plot Agrippinas death.He attempted to communicate the ship that she was on, but Agrippina survived and swam ashore. He sent assassin to her villa, where she was stabbed to death on 59 CE. Agrippina was cremated that same night after her death. Agrippina the Younger was very Copernican during that time. She was one of the few women who were recognized while their husband was alive. She was determined to make Nero the emperor, and therefore, she eliminated all the people that will stop him from taking the throne. Even though she was responsible for the death of many significant people, she was still a powerful woman.Referencehttp//roman-emperors.org/aggieii.htm

Perfect competition V. Monopolies Essay

In the American Economy, handicraft is controlled by the governance and the consumer. When a person is the owner of a trade that is alone in its product that it provides for the consumer, it is said to be a monopoly. As a monopoly you stir sole control over price. Monopolies are regulated by the disposal in order to prevent the misuse of power that a monopoly has. If a person can only get misfire, for example from one store. therefore the store can charge a lot more for that turkey than it could if the store next door was selling it too because then there would be argument.Also, the store would not have to produce a make better quality of turkey because there would be no reason for it to do so. In this web site the consumer is taken unfair advantage of by the business owner, in this case the store. Government regulates monopolies to promote a stainless tense competition economy and to get rid of the turkey situation discussed above. The benefits of a perfect competition economy benefit consumers. For example, if we go back to the store, in a perfect competition economy all of the stores have turkey.Now the stores requisite to make sure that the turkey that they sell is the better turkey and monetary value the least. In this situation they are competing for the consumers business. However, business owners of a monopoly situation disagree with the organisation. When there is a business that has the potential to become a monopoly the government watches it very closely and the business has to go through the government for mergers and such. The more the business becomes a monopoly, the more the government says no to the businesss requests.For example, there is Microsoft. The government has been working to keep Microsoft from being the enceinte business that it is today. So, in conclusion, a perfect competition economy makes benefits for the consumer. Likewise, a monopolistic economy makes benefits for the business owner. On the flip side, a perfect competition shows drawbacks for the business owner and a monopolistic economy shows drawbacks for the consumer. The best way to run an economy is to have a balance in the midst of the two options. Americas economy does this.

A Crucible analysis in terms of language and structure Essay

In times of moral and social chaos surrounded by every civilised or uncivilised society, when the terror of any contend force or alliance turns citizens and parlia manpowert alike into accusative fools when the theatrical role itself is riddled with paranoia and irrational thinking, (most likely by the simple arrival of something unidentified or new,) other elements of society come forth to offer by their art, an alternative point of view whether it be subtle or commonplaceArthur moth miller a leading the Statesn roundwright of several decades with much(prenominal) acclaimed works as Death of a Salesman and The Man Who Had All the jeopardy to his name. Although moth millers dramas took a familial setting, he earned a reputation for dealing with the contemporary political and moral issues of the time. One spectacular device used in a piece studied by myself and piers was an allegory the use of characters or steadyts to re depict ideas or principals in a play, story or pic ture.At the height of the McCarthy era, when indeed social recite and security were replaced by paranoia and an element of superstition, Millers allegoric play The crucible conveyed the insanities and fears of the future by showing on stage a similar occurrence in the past. By playing to the audiences of 1950s America, Miller brought to light the resolution of 1700s Salem, how they coincide, and how if the witch hunt in the present day continued virtuoso of the biggest publicblunders of the past which would repeat itself.I use the term witch hunt because of the nature of accusations and their ability to starting time out the weeds of society fifty years ago- the communists.Senator Joe McCarthy takes his place in history as the main figure leading the anti-communist movement. As the threat of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) loomed over the west, and the iron curtain acted not only as a barrier of communications between the ii parts, but as point of alienation east meets west, communists meet democrats, any crossover between the two met its climax at panic, hence the trials in the United States to which Miller was no stranger to.The playwright was brought to trial to abet the court in finding those who were witnessed to meeting and socialising with him they were deemed communist. In heterogeneous quotes and accounts given from Miller himself, we can see how his personal involvement in the communist raids appear in the play in the thoughts and feelings of the characters and the overall put across that can interpreted from The Crucible I believe this to be the ethos of boundaries and limits of benignant beings- how far we can push ourselves before we find the things we would die to stop onto. Are we Abigail with limitless lack of morals persevered by the incomprehensible condition for self, with her only boundary being her obsession with devoteion, embodied in a Mr John Proctor? Or are we those minor characters, who Miller had seen in cou rt?I saw accepted the notion that conscience was no longer a private matter but now one of state administration. I saw men handing conscience to other men and thanking them for the opportunity of doing so. Minor that is in the sense of having one thing in common a common boundary which was non-existent it seems when it came to handing over names of vile friends. If we are not, we are then John Proctors those who would die for sanctity and white of ones name.Millers personal input into The Crucible is one that manifests itself in the character of John Proctor this character is establish on the playwrights boundaries and pride. The strength of Proctor comes from Millers beliefs which are mirrored in a quote taken from court- I am not protecting the Communists or the Communist Party. I am trying to protect my sense of self. I have taken responsibleness for everything I have ever done, but I cannot take state for another human being. However, I believe that whatSuch was Millers asto nishment that history was to be repeated when the world had learnt and moved on from the evil displayed by the judges of these trials and the prosecutors of the Salem witch trials, that he took it upon himself to tire up and publicise the past as the events had so much to teach- It was as though the whole country had been born anew, without a memory even of certain elemental decencies which a year or two early no-one would have imagined could have been altered, let alone forgotten. Astounded, I watched men pass me by without a nod whom I had known rather easy for years I knew that the terror in these people was being knowingly planned and consciously engineered , and all they knew was terror.This quote also tells us of Millers suspicion of the US government that a fear with no real public threat (communism) had such a massive hit on the general population. I believe he thought that the go away of the democratic government increased the hype of communism to keep America what is was and still is, a democracy- no matter how many chapters of history whitethorn come back to haunt them.

Effective Employee Selection and Its Importance Essay

One of the roughly important finishs comes when having to select an employee to fill a line of credit va fag endcy. In the current labor market, passing qualified applicants ar scarce and, among the existent matchlesss, it is hard to spot the ideal emergelook. Sometimes it is so urgent that a position be filled, that a soulfulness whitethorn win the seam by default, or sloppy selection criteria may be applied. A quick fix may assuage work load for a plot, but it might present lethal for the business viability itself in the long run. Therefore, a larger attention in the selection exercise can provide the business with employees who pass on finally produce the desire results.The abridgment of the employee selection sue is a fairly new practice. During the 70s, any systematic homecoming in charge to sort out skills was lots unpopular (Lee, 50). This began to change during the 80s and into the 90s, when an estimated 80% to 90% of companies use pre-employment testi ng (Brindow and Spencer, 80). As Chris Lee states, we be returning to a concenter on individual competence objective standards be coming prat in two education and employment (Lee, 49). Another survey by researchers Randall, Cooke and Smith established that 95% of employers who tried testing for penetrate gross sales candidates were still using it (Randall, 53). All the data shows the inclination of the modern businesses to highly stress on eitherthing that pull up stakes maximize the effectiveness of employee selection and, consequently, employee performance. action an applicant for a air normally entails a series of steps, which are ascertaind by the size of the organization, the types of jobs to be filled or the public figure of people to be hired. The selection stage should be backed up by an effective recruitment process, which greatly depends on job analysis and job verbal description. Job analysis is a process to identify and determine in detail the particular j ob duties and requirements and the relative importance of these duties for a given job. Job Analysis is a process where judgements are do about data collected on a job (HR Guide). Its excogitation is to establish and document the job relatedness of employment procedures such as recruitment, selection, develop, recompense and performance appraisal through its product, the job description.During the selection process, the job description is use in creating an accurateadvertisement for the job and allures the proper candidates, that is, the persons that intimately probably will fit for the specific job. A realistic job p review, establish on an accurate job description and specification (the qualifications demanded for the job), will help applicants understand what the job entails and make more informed finalitys as to whether they want to apply for the job or not. According to Gregorio Billicopf of the University of California, selected applicants who understand both the positi ve and negative sides of a job, are most likely to puzzle and succeed. (Billicopf, 18). later the recruitment process has been concluded and the applicants have direct their resumes, the first step of the selection process should take place burying the resumes. CVs provide raw material information for use in the next step of the selection process and are used to screen out the unqualified applicants. For instance, if the position requires the ability to use a al-Quran processor, the resume provides a clear picture whether the person owns this ability or not. Resume screening is a standard procedure in most organizations during the selection process, despite their size, activity or culture.After the resume screen out, the remaining applicants will be invited for an oppugn, which is the most important step in the selection process. It supplements information obtained in other steps in the process to determine the suitability of an applicant for a specific opening. Organizations use several(prenominal) types of interviews. The structured interview is conducted using a predetermined outline that is ground on the pre-menti singled job analysis, while unstructured interviews are not ground on any outline, and use open ended questions. The structured interviews should be preferred over the unstructured ones, as the former helps the interviewer maintain regard of the interview that all pertinent information on the applicant is cover systematically by also providing the same type of information on all interviewees.On the other hand, unstructured interviews may provide a more relaxed atmosphere, but they lack of systematic coverage of information and are very susceptible to the personal biases of the interviewer (Byars & Rue, 141). Organizations use three additional types of interviewingtechniques to a limited extent the stress interview, which puts the applicant under pressure while the interviewer adopts a hostile attitude toward the interviewee in order to detect who is highly emotional and who is not, the board or panel interview, in which two or more people conduct an interview with one applicant, and the root word interview in which several applicants are questioned together.A boffo interview requires training in the skills, techniques and requirements of successful interviewing. All these will include an effective proviso for the interview, such as scheduling a time and location for it, review of all paperwork of the applicant and the current position description and specification and qualification a list of interview questions that will help in assembling the information needed for the decision. When the applicant arrives, the interviewer should help him / her feel at ease by showing him / her polite and friendly attitude and let him / her hunch over about the organization.During the interview, the answers the applicant will give will prove to be valuable source of information. Carefully selected open ended questions shou ld be asked so that the answers given will help determine the suitability of the applicant to a particular position. Additionally, this will encourage the interviewees to supply more in insight information. But still, this should follow a specific and consistent outline in order to ensure a uniform method of questioning, which will be applied to all applicants. It is also important to allow silence for mentation and reflection by the applicant, so that he / she slowly reveals his / her basic competencies, which often determine the interviewees advantage over the rest of the applicants and affects the hiring decision.A basic competency is a knowledge, skill or behavior inhering for one to function as an effective member of the specific organization and is an essential part of the selection criteria developed and reviewed before the interview questions are written (Univ. of Michigan, 38). Finally, it is important to record actual answers to questions as opposed to evaluative or co nclusive comments. This will minimize subjectivity and biases, factors that may prove lethal during the hiring process, because the persons adopting them will mostprobably end up with the wrong decision and an unsuitable new employee.Even though the interview will for certain tell a lot about the candidates qualifications, the lonesome(prenominal) reliable way these qualifications can be strided are tests. The applicants can be tested before, during or after the interview. Tests can be categorise as power versus speed tests, as intumesce as written, vocal or practical tests. They can government note knowledge, ability, skills, aptitude, attitude, honesty and personality (Billikopf, 20). whatever the type of the test used, however, the integrity of test questions needs to be guarded. umpteen tests have undergone validation and reliability studies. The type of test to be used during the selection process depends on the size of the organization, its activity as well as the nat ure of the position that is to be filled.Aptitude tests value a persons capacity or potential ability to divulge and perform a job. Some of the more oft used tests measure verbal ability, numerical ability, and perceptual speed, spatial and reasoning ability. Psychomotor tests measure a persons strength, dexterity and coordination. Job knowledge tests measure the job related knowledge possessed by a job applicant. Proficiency tests measure how well the applicant can do a sample of the work to be performed. The sustain ones are the most frequently used by employers worldwide, in all types of organizations.Other types of tests are bear on tests, which are designed to determine how a persons interests equalize with the interests of successful people in a specific job, personality tests which attempt to measure personality traits, polygraph tests with the use of the polygraph, a device that records bodily changes in a persons body as he or she answers questions, and physical exam inations (drug and AIDS testing or so far genetic testing). The last ones are normally required only for the individual who is finally offered the job, and the job offer is often contingent on the individual passing the physical examination. The exam is given to determine not only whether the applicant is physically capable of performing the job but also his or her eligibility for group life, health and disability insurance (Byars, 143). Because of the expense, physical examinations are normally one of the last steps in the selection process.The final step in the selection process is choosing one individual for the job. There are usually more than one qualified persons, but if the previous steps in the selection process have been performed properly, the chances that a value judgment based on all the information gathered will be successful improve dramatically. Because people sometimes falsify their credentials and backgrounds, though, it is important to checker personas. Addition ally, people sometimes interview well but have a record of not actually performing as well as they have led the interviewer to believe. Therefore, it is important to check out any areas in which there are doubts or uncertainties. Reference checks are also a form of insurance. The hour or two it takes to conduct a reference check is far less time than the time it will take to deal with performance, attitude or behavior problems (Univ. of Michigan, 36).The people that the responsible person for the selection has to contact are former supervisors, people whose names the candidate has given as work references to establish the working relationship, people that the employer knows in person who have worked with the candidate and people recommended by any of the above who are said to know the candidates work. However, some employers may vary to provide negative information about a former employee out of fear of lawsuits. Only people known and trusted can be relied on to give an accurate pi cture of a potential employee, and, even then, people have different perceptions and personalities, factors that must be considered when weighing employer references. After the evaluation process has been completed, the one most suitable applicant will finally be selected.Recruiting and selecting the right people for the organization is a challenge, and every situation is unique. Innovation, persistence and the ability to communicate the strengths of the business and the benefits of the positions offered, will attract high quality employees. Selecting among them will be hard, but if the selection process steps are implemented properly, the final decision will prove to be really beneficial to the organization. No matter who makes the final decision the human resource department, the manager of the department or even the possessor of the firm -, this decision should be backed up by the refuse procedure, otherwise the consequencescould be extremely costly, if not lethal. All manager s should be skilled on the selection process for the benefit of the organization.WORKS CITEDBillikopf, Gregory. Labor instruction in Agriculture Cultivating Personnel Productivity. University of California. 2003. p. 2-5, 18-23.Brindow Peter, Spencer Leslie. When Quotas Replace Merit, Everybody Suffers. Forbes. Feb 1993. p. 80.Byars Lloyd, Rue Leslie. homophile Resource Management. 8th edition. Mc Graw Hill. p. 141-144Job Analysis An Overview. The HR Guide. Oct 2002. may 2006. http//www.job-analysis.net/G000.htmLee, Chris. Testing Makes a Comeback. Training Vol. 25. Dec 1988. p. 49-50.M-Pathways Employment charge Committee Sub-Group Report. Conducting a winning Employee Selection subroutine. University of Michigan. Apr 2001. p.20-35.Randall, James. A Successful Application Of The Assessment Center Concept To the Salesperson Selection Process. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management. May 1985. p. 53.

Ethics †Accountant Essay

?List 3 lessons close to ethics from this article. 1. The rootage one is the most powerful lesson acquire from practicing estimable conduct during Boisjolys 27-year engineering career in the aerospace industry, is that them, as individuals, become the result-ant sum of separately honest confrontational event as experienced from the beginning of their careers. 2. The bite lesson is what he learned was to never delay informing superiors of bad give-and-take so he could protect his integrity with peers. 3. The third lesson is the continuous lesson learned from these someoneal experiences, is that the good guys can win.Even though we lose, we as well behave an influence in the outcome of the war. Which of the lessons listed above are relevant to mortal entering the bill profession? In my point of view, the third lesson, which talked about the good guys can win, is relevant to some(prenominal)one entering the business relationship profession. The verbalise Choice is simila r with accounting profession, because we need to assist on the truth. In this lesson also mentions accountability was usually applied to kill the messenger manner of speaking the bad news, rather than punish the wrongdoer.In the accounting profession, the responsibility is also need to display the information not to punish someone. Therefore, these lessons help the pen learned some ideas. Moreover, this idea could help him fit in the accounting profession. Boisjoly cites the ascertaining three types of behavior that are used by those confronted with an ethical dilemma Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Develop a hypothetical case involving external account that would cause an accountant (either a corporate accountant or an auditor) to make between those three types of behavior.Here I will create a hypothetical case, and this case involves external reporting that will cause an accountant. This recital was happened in China. A union has three accountants. They are Lily, surface-to-air m issile and cuckoo. For the record, this company just changed the gutter. The manger wants to fire some employees who are not subordinate with their stations. Moreover, the supervisor of accounting is available now. The three accountants do not engross about get fired, but all of them want to strive for the accounting supervisor.Therefore, they tried to do well on their own jobs, paid to a greater extent attention to themselves personal image and interpersonal relationship. One day, the omnibus took some blank notes to Sams office, because he wanted to submit an expenses account. However, Sam refused the mangers requirement because the blank notes were break rules. Then the manger went to Lilys office, and asked for the same thing. The difference is Lily wanted to ingratiate the manager, so she reimbursed to the manger. other day, the manger did the same thing to Jack.Jack let the manager go back to office at first, and he would send these notes back to managers office later. A fter that, he returned back the blank notes, and he did not approve the requirement. One week later, Lily was fired, Sam was still there, and Jack became the accountant supervisor. Someone asked manger why, the manager answered that we cannot hire a person who do not follow the principles, We should reuse the people who either follow the principle or the way of methods. Based on this story, we analyze Lily is cogitate to Loyalty, Sam is related to the Voice, because he stands up for ethical principles.

Women Past and Present

Women Past and Present During the 20th ascorbic acid, women in general was circumscribed, however women be now in a much better position than before. We, as women, especially those of us who live in liberal parts of the world, oft take for granted the rights and benefits, which we have. We forget that in different times, women were non considered to be agree to their male counterparts they were considered to be helpless subordinates to the men with whom they lived. Though we do not often consider it, we owe much of these everyday emancipations to women of the past, who struggled and pushed for equal rights and recognition.Their determination helped us gain increased education, economic status, and political rights, among otherwise things. In the colonial times, the Colonial womens role in the family was the custodian of the home, and that was all she was really allowed. She made the familys clothes, she provided a home cooked meal, and took consider of the children, all of this by herself until the female children were old enough to be of use. She could do nothing for her sons, they were to be submissive on the farther, or be bandaged out. She was, in fact, her economizes slave.Women were seen as weak human beings. They were not allowed to have other aspirations. She had no say in eachthing that went on she could only follow her husbands commandments. This male dominated society dictates that women be inoffensive and dutiful and is financially dependent of the husband. Womans role was strictly limited to home and family. As for the question of free time, what free time? If they by chance had any, they usually baked, or got some mending done or make candles. Basically, much tasks. Idle hands are the devils tools, is what they were encouraged to believe.During the nineteenth century, women were viewed as homemakers, not able to perform in society with men. They were degraded by men to believe that they were worth just about nothing, only worthy o f bearing children. This superfluous male domination start too some women feeling trapped in their own homes, inefficient to escape from the confinements placed on them by their husbands. However things did change, women started working outdoors of their home. Besides farm work, their jobs were mainly in traditionalistic womens palm such as teaching, nursing, and domestic service.Textile mills and clothing factories are traditional employers of women. They worked in these factories and war-related industries while World War II was being fought, and some of them enjoyed the opportunity to work outside the home. By the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century im advancements aided in giving women more rights, and educational and occupational opportunities. The growth of commercial laundries and expanding production of clothing, processed foods, and other household items relieved women of many tasks and created hundreds of jobs for them outside t he home.Manufacturing, retail and wholesale trade, banking, and serve grew rapidly in the early 20th century. The success of many of these ventures depended on women. Middle-class women had it much easier than lower class women. More opportunities, more advancement, and more respect. When they did accept women the numbers were limited because women lacked the education to be prepared for any type of higher learning. Other women found jobs in rudimentary rail teaching, managing clubs for poor youth, poor young women and schools for infants.Women during this time were beginning to see that not only did they belong in the home, alone they could also find a role in the workplace. Today, women study subjects of personal interest, they seek degrees that match their talents and aspirations. at one time they began to go to college, they began to challenge societys expectations as well as their personal experiences. The major detonator of the womens movement was education, changing the muliebritys role in society from passive to an active and spanking force. Once women began receiving higher education, there was no turning back.Occupations were limited but women began to filter into the male-dominated world. Before this time women were uneducated and not capable to vote. A four-year college education is likewise common as women go to earn their earns degree and PhD. Yet, for women in the workforce, there are still many cases where barriers exist that may limit their chances of earning that promotion. They still have a thorny time with power and they have a harder time keeping power. In the long run, women became activists pushing for the rights and eventually succeeded.They have much more freedom and equality now, thanks to the women who pushed for equal rights, and it was slowly realized that females have the said(prenominal) capabilities to think and have responsibilities as men. Women today are postponing the role of gestation and are concentrating more on their careers. If there are any postulate that needs to be fulfilled in a womans life, this is it well paying job, being on the executive level and prove that we can also be female dominators. Women in todays society are focused more on independence.