edgar allen poe :: essays research papers fc

Poes first collection, Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, appeared in 1840. It contained one of his most famous work, The Fall of the kinsfolk of Usher. In the story the cashier visits the crumbling mansion of his friend, Roderick Usher, and tries to dispel Rodericks gloom. Although his twin sister, Madeline, has been placed in the family vault dead, Roderick is convinced she lives. Madeline arises in trance, and carries her brother to death. The house itself splits asunder and sinks into the tarn. The drool has inspired several moving-picture show adaptations. Roger Cormans version from 1960, starring Mark Damon, Harry Ellerbe, Myrna Fahey, and Vincent Price, was the first of the directors Poe movies. The Raven (1963) collected old stars of the horror genre, Vincent Price, Peter, Lorre, Boris Karloff, who mostly played for laughs. harmonise to the director, Price and Lorre "drove Boris a little crazy" - the actor was not used to improvised dialogue. Corman filmed th e picture in fifteen days, using revamped portions of his previous(prenominal) Poe sets. In Poes Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838) the sneaking(a) theme is the terror of whiteness. In the novel Poe has invented tribes that live near the Antarctic Circle. The strange bestial human are black, make up down to their teeth. They have been unresolved to the terrible visitations of men and white storms. These are mixed together, and they slaughter the crew of Pyms vessel. The Argentinean writer Jorge Luis Borges has assumed that Poe chose the color intuitively, or for the comparable reasons as in Melville explained in the chapter The Whiteness of the Whale in his Moby-Dick. Later the lost world idea was developed by Edgar Rice Burroughs in The Land That Time Forgot (1924) and other works. During the archaeozoic 1840s Poes best-selling work was especially The Conchologists First Book (1839). It was based on Thomas Wyatts work which exchange poorly because of its high prize. Wyat t was Poes friend and asked him to abridge the sustain and put his own raise on its title Page - the publisher had strongly opposed any idea of producing a cheaper edition. The Conchologists First Book was a success. Its first edition was sold out in two months and other editions followed.The dark poem of lost love, The Raven, brought Poe national fame, when it appeared in 1845. In a confab in Boston theedgar allen poe essays research papers fc Poes first collection, Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, appeared in 1840. It contained one of his most famous work, The Fall of the House of Usher. In the story the narrator visits the crumbling mansion of his friend, Roderick Usher, and tries to dispel Rodericks gloom. Although his twin sister, Madeline, has been placed in the family vault dead, Roderick is convinced she lives. Madeline arises in trance, and carries her brother to death. The house itself splits asunder and sinks into the tarn. The tale has inspired several film a daptations. Roger Cormans version from 1960, starring Mark Damon, Harry Ellerbe, Myrna Fahey, and Vincent Price, was the first of the directors Poe movies. The Raven (1963) collected old stars of the horror genre, Vincent Price, Peter, Lorre, Boris Karloff, who mostly played for laughs. According to the director, Price and Lorre "drove Boris a little crazy" - the actor was not used to improvised dialogue. Corman filmed the picture in fifteen days, using revamped portions of his previous Poe sets. In Poes Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838) the secret theme is the terror of whiteness. In the novel Poe has invented tribes that live near the Antarctic Circle. The strange bestial human are black, even down to their teeth. They have been exposed to the terrible visitations of men and white storms. These are mixed together, and they slaughter the crew of Pyms vessel. The Argentinean writer Jorge Luis Borges has assumed that Poe chose the color intuitively, or for the same reason s as in Melville explained in the chapter The Whiteness of the Whale in his Moby-Dick. Later the lost world idea was developed by Edgar Rice Burroughs in The Land That Time Forgot (1924) and other works. During the early 1840s Poes best-selling work was curiously The Conchologists First Book (1839). It was based on Thomas Wyatts work which sold poorly because of its high prize. Wyatt was Poes friend and asked him to abridge the book and put his own name on its title Page - the publisher had strongly opposed any idea of producing a cheaper edition. The Conchologists First Book was a success. Its first edition was sold out in two months and other editions followed.The dark poem of lost love, The Raven, brought Poe national fame, when it appeared in 1845. In a lecture in Boston the

Essay About Family: Inside the Nightstand :: Personal Narrative essay about my family

Inside the Nightstand We live together now, my boyfriend and I. Its still new to both of us. 41 North State Street- thats us. The quiet apartment lined by two rows of cement drive, an oak tree, and his step-mothers opinion that we are too young to be living together seriously. We share our bedroom, square in shape, with the bed pressed tightly to the far wall, curtains embracing the narrow sides of the mattress. Its ours- the bed, the room, the oak tree, and the way my toothpaste sticks to the sides of the white sink. The toothpaste doesnt worry me, but its something Im work on. Were still getting use to all this. Sharing a bathroom is what were working on at the moment. Home alone I find myself organizing- shiny silverware drawers, old, half- solidifying novels, rows of mismatched socks. My mother calls and tells me I must get out more. I opt instead for making the bed in our square shaped room, but not before casting myself between the sheets, my bare bac k feeling warmly against the patch of sun-stricken cotton. Beside the bed is the nightstand. My face shines innocently in a picture of myself taken with my father at age four. His dark bushy hair and co-ordinated 80s mustache contrast with the pale frame of my body sitting on the counter beside him. Near that is the picture of my best friend Erin and me. We were in Paris. The close frame of the picture cuts off anything below our necks, hiding her belly that has recently become home to a tiny son- due to arrive early January. Inside the nightstand many things sit quiet an old red wallet, a shirt with a broken left strap, a journal, and a stack of pictures from my twenty-first birthday party. I open the wallet to see if, by chance, I was smart enough to leave myself some backup cash. The slots inside lay empty, bent over from years of wear and tear. I remember how I used some of my graduation money from high school to buy this wallet.

Science Run Amuck in Brave New World :: essays papers

Science Run Amuck in Brave New earthly concernBrave New World is a novel set hundreds of years into our own future. On Earth, the Nine Years War tore the planet apart in the year A.F 178. Eerily, anthrax bombs dropped from the sky killed scores of people, what we in the post 9/11 world fear the most. When the dust settled, manhood banded together to create a untested world called the World State. Their motto is Community, Identity, Stability, and it is all too much present as you will see. This future is a severely different place. To stabilize the populace, mankind has dead ringerd each other by the thousands. Babies are conditioned by a caste system, and everyone grows up to do a specific job. Cold and sterile intuition replaces religion, individuality, and risk. Everyone is encouraged to pleasure themselves (through promiscuity, recreation and drugs... soma,) but not to have a bad day. This is reminiscent of the Roaring 20s and the free love purport of the 1960s. In this fu ture, to be monogamous, bond, or soul-search would single you out as a loner. Here, everyone belongs to everyone else.The years once noted by A.D (Anno Domini, or after Christ) are replaced by A.F (After Ford.) Fords philosophy became a religion, wiping out over two thousand years of Christianity from world history. Now there is no history, except that which existed After Ford, it was outlawed. As we all know, Henry Ford introduced the assembly line into modern society. In A.D, The assembly line was a more proficient way to go the automobile. In the brave new world, however, the assembly line mass-produced human beings themselves. The brave new scientists discovered a way to progress the cloning serve up. They clone up to 96 embryos from a female ovum by Bokanovskys process. Embryos were then bottled and put on an assembly line that moved 33 centimeters a day. On the line, the fetuses were tampered with and they received early conditioning to be part of one of the five castes. Alp ha was the highest class (think rocket scientist,) and Elipson was the lowest class (think gas charge attendant.) These babies are not born of a mothers womb, but decanted (unbottled.) They receive more conditioning and undergo hypnopaedia a sleep teaching process where beliefs are inserted into their thoughts. Young children as young as seven years old are encouraged to be promiscuous and experiment with sex.

The Economic and Political Motives of the American Constitution vs. the

The Economic and Political Motives of the American arrangement vs. the Articles of compactIntroductionThe Constitution of the United States of America is a great deal revered and thought of as the basis for all democracies around the world. However, when it is used as an example of the perfect democracy, the facts and history behind its creation are a lot left out. While it is a fascinating document, it is not the pinnacle of perfection that we often hold it up to be. It had a stumbling start, full of problems and arguments, instead of the immaculate supposition that is often described. Its beginnings were much humbler, and they started with the Articles of Confederation.It is somewhat strange that the American people know so little of the fundamental nature of their system of government. Their acquaintance with it extends only to its external form and rarely includes a knowledge of the political philosophy upon which it rests. The sources of information upon which the average man relies do not furnish the data for a sort out understanding of the Constitution. (Smith, Allen, 1965 30)What I propose to show is that the Constitution of the United States is not necessarily the best form of government for the United States, but that a reworking of the Articles of Confederation would have been sufficient. The motives I would like to call into question are those of the Framers of the Constitution, but also those of the Framers of the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation are often historically overlooked, but they play a major role in the creation of the Constitution. By examining the creation of the Articles of Confederation and its demise, I hope to shed some light on why the Constitution was created an... ...an Company, 1936. Bourgin, Frank. The Great Challenge The Myth of Laissez-Faire in the Early Republic. New York George Braziller, 1989.Campbell, R.H. and A.S. Skinner, eds. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nation s. Glasgow edition of the works and correspondence of Adam Smith. capital of Indiana Liberty Classics, 1981.Jensen, Merrill. Articles of Confederation An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774-1781. University of Wisconsin University of Wisconsin Press, 1940.Kenyon, Cecelia. The Antifederalists. New York Bobbs-Merrill Co. Inc., 1966. McDonald, Forrest. We the People The Economic Origins of the Constitution. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1958.Smith, J. Allen. The Spirit of American Government. Cambridge, Mass. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1965.

A Jury of her Peers by Susan Glaspell Essay -- A Jury of Her Peers Ess

In Susan Glaspells, A Jury of her Peers, it is the women who take center stage and captivate the readers emotions. Throughout the feministic short story, which was written in 1917, several repeating patterns and symbols help the audience to gain a deeper understanding of the difficulty of prairie life for women and of the bond that women share. The astounding cunning the women in the story pose provides insight into the innate independence that women had even during days of deep sexual discrimination. In A Jury of her Peers, the hardships women of the earlyish twentieth century must endure and the sisterhood that they can still manage to maintain are manifested as a mysterious, small-town murder unfolds. In the reference of the story, Martha pull leaves her house in half-disarray to meet with her husband, the county attorney, Mrs. Peters, and Mr. Peters, the county sheriff. The five travel up to the Wright household to investigate the murder of Mr. Wright. Mr. Hale explain s to the county attorney that the previous day Mrs. Wright had told him in a shockingly matter-of-fact way that her husband was dead. She had said that he was strangled in their bed by a rope and that she was never awaken by any commotion. It is obvious from her odd laugh and the incoherence of her explanation of her husbands death that something is emotionally wrong with her. Immediately after Mr. Hale explains his story to the county attorney, the men leave to look around the house for more evidence. While alone together, the women start to talk to each other. Mrs. Hale comments that she would feel awkward to have men roaming in her kitchen, but Mrs. Peters defends them. Her view of the men searching the house is more t... ...box with the bird in it. The men enter with some implike remarks toward the women to which neither Mrs. Hale nor Mrs. Peters remarks. The county attorney says that it seems pretty clear that Mrs. Wright is guilty but that he has failed to uncover a ny evidence that would explain any motive. The women do non mention that they have found the bird. They know that proof of motive is the most critical piece of evidence against Mrs. Wright and that when she is tried in court, she will not technically be judged by a group of her peers. Women are not allowed to vote and, therefore, cannot be members of a jury. If the court does establish a motive, Mrs. Wright will surely be convicted by a group of chauvinistic men. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters know the motive but decide to take the law into their own hands and, in doing so, demonstrate both autonomy and fellowship.

A Jury of her Peers by Susan Glaspell Essay -- A Jury of Her Peers Ess

In Susan Glaspells, A jury of her Peers, it is the women who take center stage and captivate the referees emotions. Throughout the feministic short story, which was written in 1917, several repeating patterns and symbols help the audience to gain a deeper understanding of the difficulty of prairie life for women and of the vex that women share. The incredible cunning the women in the story demonstrate provides insight into the innate independence that women had even during solar days of deep sexual discrimination. In A Jury of her Peers, the hardships women of the early twentieth century must endure and the sisterhood that they can still manage to maintain are manifested as a mysterious, small-town murder unfolds. In the beginning of the story, Martha Hale leaves her house in half-disarray to meet with her husband, the county attorney, Mrs. Peters, and Mr. Peters, the county sheriff. The five travel up to the Wright household to investigate the murder of Mr. Wright. Mr. Hal e explains to the county attorney that the previous day Mrs. Wright had told him in a shockingly matter-of-fact way that her husband was dead. She had said that he was strangled in their bed by a rope and that she was neer awakened by any commotion. It is obvious from her odd laugh and the incoherence of her explanation of her husbands death that slightlything is emotionally wrong with her. Immediately subsequently Mr. Hale explains his story to the county attorney, the men leave to look around the house for more evidence. While alone together, the women start to talk to each other. Mrs. Hale comments that she would tactile property uncomfortable to have men roaming in her kitchen, but Mrs. Peters defends them. Her view of the men searching the house is more t... ...box with the bird in it. The men enter with some condescending remarks toward the women to which neither Mrs. Hale nor Mrs. Peters remarks. The county attorney says that it seems pretty clear that Mrs. Wrigh t is guilty but that he has failed to uncover any evidence that would explain any motive. The women do not mention that they have found the bird. They know that proof of motive is the most critical piece of evidence against Mrs. Wright and that when she is tried in court, she will not technically be judged by a group of her peers. Women are not allowed to vote and, therefore, cannot be members of a jury. If the court does establish a motive, Mrs. Wright will for sure be convicted by a group of chauvinistic men. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters know the motive but decide to take the law into their own hands and, in doing so, demonstrate both autonomy and fellowship.

Internal and external factors effecting the cost position Essay

The change magnitude imports of the European as well as the Japanese make of automobiles in the United States importantly impacted the demand of the automobiles construct by the US manufacturers. Imports of sub-compact cars from Europe and Japan rose steadily in the 1950s, a lot as families second cars but US manufacturers retained their hold on the lucrative markets for larger vehicles. (French, 1997, p142) The US manufactures saw their market shrink as the more than aware and price conscious consumers shifted to the European and Japanese counter parts for their automobiles, mend the US manufacturers were left with making large, excessive fuel consuming vehicles that denoted accessible status and personal style.Aside from this the increasing prices of crude oil in the international market in the mid-seventies also significantly changed the demand of the automobiles as depicted by the consumers. A crisis in the US car-market developed as a result of sudden unforeseen shifts in the general environment which allowed foreign producers to expand market share rapidly. New car gross sales faltered in the 1970s and excess capacity increased.At the same time the leap in fuel prices shifted the consumer preference towards smaller, more fuel efficient cars which Japanese and European makers already supplied in their domestic markets and were better able to produce that were the US manufacturers use to making larger, more up-market gas-guzzlers (French, 1997, p142) The automobiles of French and Japanese make were smaller, more fuel efficient as well as more stylish yet cheaper than the those manufactured by the big three US automobile manufactures.As a result the consumers opted for purchasing the imported cars instead of those manufactured by the Unites States manufacturers. The recession of the 1970s also further reduced the disposal income and the propensity to save for the people in the United States which made purchasing the imported European and Japanese mo dels of automobiles lots more attractive to the consumers instead of opting for those models manufactured by the big three US automobile manufacturers.In the same period the perception of the consumers also significantly changed as was marked by the baby boomer generation and the hippy era. In this period, the consumer became more aware of the environment, the increasing befoulment and the contribution that automobiles made towards adding to the pollution aims. As a result the consumers started to look for cheaper alternatives of travel and those which were more environmental friendly that the vehicles manufactured by the big three US automobile manufacturers.The inbred factors that contributed to the changing cost position of the Bridgestone Industries, specifically at the plant pertained to the decreasing demand of the US manufactured cars and increased demand for cheaper cars that was reflected un the restricting cost found purchases being made by the big three manufactures f orm the Bridgestone Industries.As the volume of sales decreased for Bridgestone Industries, along with the margin for profits on sales made imputable to the rising overhead costs the cost position of the Bridgestone Industries significantly changed to become negative and resulted in the closing of the automotive component and manufacturing facility by the Bridgestone Industries. Overhead Burden value The Bridgestone Industries had a specific method for determining the overhead burden cast for the wares that was proposed and set on an one-year basis.The budgeted unit costs provided by the plant for the 1987 model year study included overhead (burden) applied to products as a pctage of direct labor movement dollar cost. The overhead percentage was calculated at the budget time and used throughout the model year to allocate overhead to products using a single overhead pool. The overhead rate used in the study was 435% of direct labor cost (Patricia & Cooper, 1993) The following t able depicts the overhead burden rate for the old age starting 1987 through to 1990. Overhead Burden Rate (000) 1987 1988 1989 1990 Total Overheads 107,954 109,890 78,157 79,393Total Direct Labor Dollar Cost 24,682 25,294 13,537 14,102 Overhead Burden Rate 437 434 577 562 The analysis of the overhead burden that was determined for the years, 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1990 showed that the total over heads increased from 1987 to 1988. However in 1989, there was a drop in the overhead level as the muffler exhausts and the oil pan based product lines were merged with the other three product lines. This reduced the overheads significantly. In 1990 however the trend shows that the overheads for the Bridgestone Industries increased again on an annual basis.The direct labor dollar cost showed a similar trend as well reflecting the increasing expenses along with the work that the closure of the muffler/exhaust and oil pan lines had on the labor cost. The overhead burden rate that was determine d pertained to approximately 437 percent in 1987, 434 percent in 1988, 577 percent in 1989 and 562 percent in 1990. The following table depicts the overhead burden shared out by the respective product lines at the Bridgestone Industries for the years starting 1987 through to 1990. Overhead Burden Share per Product Line (000) Overhead Burden 1987 1988 1989 1990Fuel Tanks 18,234. 35 18,412. 03 25,490. 37 25,891. 96 Manifolds 25,744. 16 26,184. 35 36,246. 56 36,819. 62 Doors 11,463. 72 11,864. 85 16,420. 07 16,681. 43 Mufflers/Exhausts 24,646. 33 25,050. 44 0 0 Oil Pans 27,865. 45 28,378. 33 0 0 107,954 109,890 78,157 79,393 The overheads shared by the respective product lines also depicted significant change in the years from 1987 to 1990. On average the oil pans product line had the largest overheads allocated to its while the product line for the front and rear doors had the lowest overhead levels for the years 1987 and 1988.When the product lines were merged in 1989, the manifolds product line had the largest level of overheads allocated to it, while the product line for front and rear doors had the lowest level of overheads assigned to it. On a year to year basis, the overhead burden level has decreased by a small gradual percentage over the four years highlighted. This is not due to the fact that the overheads for the company have been decreasing instead this has occurred due to the fact that the dollar cost of the direct labor has incrementally increased over the four year period as well resulting in the decrease in the overhead burden rate.

Aims and objectives Essay

This paper provides a context for this special edition. It highlights the scale of the challenge of nursing shortages, but as well makes the point that there is a policy order of business that provides workable solutions.ResultsAn overview of nursepopulation ratios in unalike countries and regions of the world, highlighting considerable variations, with Africa and South East Asia having the lowest average ratios. The paper argues that the shortage of nurses is not ineluctably a shortage of individuals with nursing qualifications, it is a shortage of nurses willing to work in the present conditions. The causes of shortages argon multi-faceted, and there is no single globose bill of their extent and nature, there is growing evidence of the impact of relatively low staffing levels on health care delivery and outcomes. The chief(prenominal) causes of nursing shortages are highlighted unsatisfactory workforce planning and allocation mechanisms, resource constrained undersupply of new staff, poor recruitment, retention and return policies, and ineffective use of available nursing resources through impertinent skill mix and utilisation, poor incentive structures and inadequate career support.ConclusionsWhat now faces policy makers in Japan, Europe and other developed countries is a policy schedule with a core of common themes. First, themes related to addressing supply side issues getting, keeping and keeping in touch with relatively scarce nurses. Second, themes related to dealing with posit side challenges. The paper concludes that the main challenge for policy makers is to develop a co-ordinated package of policies that provide a long term and sustainable solution.Relevance to clinical practiceThis paper highlights the impact that nursing shortages has on clinical practice and in health service delivery. It outlines scope for addressing shortage problems and therefore for providing a to a greater extent positive staffing environment in which clinical pra ctice can be delivered.Keywords nurses, nursing, workforce issues, workforce planning Go toIntroductionThe world has entered a detailed period for human resources for health. The scarcity of qualified health personnel, including nurses, is creation highlighted as unmatched of the biggest obstacles to achieving health system effectiveness. In January 2004, the High Level Forum on the health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) reported, There is a human resources crisis in health, which must be urgently addressed (High Level Forum on the Health MDGs, 2004, p. 4). Later in the same year, the Joint Learning curtain raising reported that There is a massive global shortage of health workers (Joint Learning Initiative 2004 executive summary, p. 3). In 2006, the World Health Organisation devoted the whole of the World Health Report to the negative impact that human resources shortages was having on global health care (WHO 2006).Against this backdrop of growing concern about shortages o f health personnel, this paper focuses on one of the most critical components of the workforce nurses. As such, it provides a context for the other papers in this special edition of the Journal of Clinical Nursing. These other papers focus in detail on particular proposition nurse workforce issues and priorities facing policy makers and researchers in Australia, Canada, Japan, the USA and elsewhere. They emphasise the need to develop a better understanding of the specific dynamics in organisational and country level nursing labour markets if policy makers are to be well informed about the judgements they must make about what will be effective policy solutions for the nursing workforce. This paper provides a wideer perspective, highlighting the scale of the challenge of nursing shortages, but also making the point that there are many common challenges and a policy agenda that points to workable solutions.Go toNursing and the global health workforce challengeWHO has estimated there t o be a total of 592 million fulltime paid health workers worldwide in 2006, of which about two thirds were health service providers, with the remaining third being composed of health management and support workers (WHO 2006).WHO also calculated a threshold in workforce density below which consistent coverage of congenital interventions, including those necessary to meet the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), was very unlikely. Based on these estimates, it reported that there were 57 countries with critical shortages equivalent to a global shortage of 24 million doctors, nurses and midwives. The proportional shortfalls were greatest in sub-Saharan Africa, although numerical deficits were very large in South-East Asia because of its population size (WHO 2006, p. 12). WHO also highlighted that shortages often coexist in a country with large numbers of unemployed health professionals Poverty, imperfect private labour markets, lack of public funds, bureaucratic red tap e and political interference produce this paradox of shortages in the midst of underutilized talent (WHO 2006, p. xviii).WHO concluded that the shortage crisis has the potential to deepen in the orgasm years. It noted that demand for service providers will escalate markedly in all countries rich and poor Richer countries face a future of low fertility and large populations of elderly people, which will cause a shift towards chronic and degenerative diseases with high care demands. Technological advances and income growth will require a more specialised workforce even as needs for basic care increase because of families declining capacity or willingness to care for their elderly members. Without massively increase training of workers in this and other wealthy countries, these growing gaps will exert even greater pressure on the outflow of health workers from poorer regions (WHO 2006, p. xix).Nurses are the main professional component of the front line staff in most health systems, and their contribution is recognised as essential to meeting development goals and delivering refuge and effective care. One difficulty in making an accurate global estimate of numbers of nurses is the definition ofnurse. Different international agencies, at different times, have developed different definitions, both(prenominal) related to educational level, some to years of training. The primary focus of this paper is on registered nurses, but this focus is hampered by the absence of a clear definition for some data sources, and the overall lack of a single universal definition of nurse. To give one indication of the size of the nursing workforce world wide, the International Council of Nurses reports 129 national nurses associations representing 13 million nurses worldwide (ICN 2007).This section of the paper provides an overview of nursepopulation ratios in different countries and regions of the world. The data must be used with caution. The country level data collated by WHO which is reported in this paper whitethorn in some countries include midwives under the broad category of nurses for some, it is also likely that the data may include auxiliary and unlicensed personnel. There can also be varying interpretations relating to the calculation of the number of nurses some countries may report working nurses, others may report all nurses that are eligible to practice some may report headcount, others may report full time equivalents. The analysis presented below should therefore be taken as illustrative of a broad pattern of regional variations, rather than an accurate representation of each country. Current initiatives by international organisations such as WHO, ILO and OECD to agree to standard definitions and improve the hookup of country level HRH data should improve the current unsatisfactory situation.

Self managed teams

A self-managed team is a group of employees thats responsible and accountable for all or most aspects of producing a product or delivering a service. Self-managing work team effectiveness Is defined as twain high performance and employee quality of work life tralatitious organizational structures assign tasks to employees depending on their specialist skills or the functional department within which they work. To get work done, many companies organize employees into self-managing teams that are basically leftover to run themselves with most guidance from an external leader.At Digital, Ayr, management had to learn to step back and let the groups reach their own declslons and In so doing time taken to actually management the organization was Increased. Although a lot of consideration was given to the transltlon it contributed to the success of the approach. Self-managed teams have greater ownership of the tasks they perform and the end product or service they deliver. Self-managed teams tend to be less costly and more productive than employees working within a traditional hierarchical structure because the team performs both technical and management tasks.Team members may also flll In for each other to cover holidays and absences. Decisions made by self-managed teams are more effective because theyre made by the people who know most about the job. A sector in Trinidad and Tobago where self-managed teams can be seen quite often is in the Public Service. Employees in unlike departments namely human resources and finance are generally self-managed teams. Employees generally plan and schedule the workflow and manage annual leave and absence, in addition to forgivable technical tasks.Management and technical responslbllltles are typically rotated among the eam members as career advancement In the clerical stream usually allows for this. Although these teams may be seen as a cohesive self-managed team where there is a sense of trust and respect between team memb ers, in the public service you find also cohesive teams which leads to groupthink You usually find team members most if the times conforming with team norms than raise issues that may upset other team members. This leads to reduced apparent movement or stifled innovation.Teams may struggle to make the transition from supervisor-led management to self-management, either ue to lack of Interpersonal skills or poor Implementation of the self-managed team belief within the service. The concept of using groups of cross-functional employees in modern business in the form of a team has been around in the United States for quite some time now. Self-directed teams have been used in Great Britain and Sweden since the 1950s. What both regions have realised or learnt is that particular attention must be fit(p) on development of the teams. Development Is an Important component of self-management.That Includes tralnlng In decision- aking, problem solving, communication and team-building. Team- building efforts and programs, which take time, energy, and patience, are an essential component of a successful self-managed team. As it relates to how they manage and carry out their tasks self-managed teams are autonomous, although they still require guidance from leaders within the organizational hierarchy. The essential challenge for any team Is to relief empowerment with accountablllty. It must report to that hierarchy Important to note is that using a self-managed team is no solution, nor should it be mbraced as a belief.

Psychological Abuse Essay

Psychological twist refers to demoralise that damages the psyche, or the mind. Psychological abuse happens when one soul attempts to gain power and control over another. It involves the deliberate infliction of pain or anguish to another person through verbal or sign-language(a) conduct designed to humiliate or threaten another person (National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse). Psychological abuse if quite prevalent in the United States. Most of its victims are women. Indeed, it is estimated that about 1.5 million women get psychologically abused each year. Psychological abuse often leads to physical abuse, as tumesce as domination of the relationship and isolation from friends and family (PsychAbuse.info, 2006). Psychological abuse is dangerous because it poses many risks on the victim, such as acute express, post traumatic stress disorder, and depression (PsychAbuse.info, 2006). The many documented effects of psychological maltreatment involveOther possible conse quences of psychological abuse are emotional instability, low cordial competency, anxiety, and low academic achievement (Canadian Health Network, 2004). Given the effects and signs of psychological abuse, the common victims are those who amaze no emotional or social embody from family and friends. On the other hand, people who often have contact with vulnerable people are sometimes the ones who perpetrate psychological abuse. This group may include caregivers and even family members of the victim (National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse). One important issue on psychological abuse involves neglect, particularly on children. Neglect involves the slackness of protection and care needed by a child, which could lead to adverse consequences such as juvenile delinquency, aggressive behavior, and child deaths (Canadian Health Network, 2004). In this connection, the item that many children become victims of psychological abuse is a very alarming issue, particularly because of the tender age of the victims. Moreover, it is observed that may victims of child psychological abuse are emotionally disturbed, mentally retarded, or physically handicapped, although the onset of these conditions may differ as to time (Wall, 1975). some other important issue with psychological abuse is the fact that it is believed to be the most under-reported form of abuse. Thus, the prevalence rates reported periodically may not be accurate since they only include those incidences that have been reported (Canadian Health Network, 2004). Another critical issue on psychological abuse is its pervasiveness in dating relationships. It is estimated that abuse during the courtship ranges from 20 to 50 percent of men and women. There is also another concern about the increased risk of abuse in a dating relationship due to the style of couples to prolong the dating relationship before marriage (Burke, Stets & Pirog-Good, 1988). All of these issues are worth exploring. Women and chi ldren appear to be at special risk given their vulnerability. Another vulnerable group is the aged, who have no support systems to rely on.ReferencesBurke, P. J., Stets, J. E. & Pirog-Good, M. A. (1988). Gender Identity, Self-Esteem, and Physical and Sexual Abuse in Dating Relationships. Social Psychology every quarter 51(3), 272-285.Canadian Health Network. (2004). What is psychological maltreatment? Retrieved February 24, 2008, from http//www.canadian-health- network.ca/servlet/ContentServer?cid=1069439898222&pagename=CHN- RCS%2FCHNResource%2FFAQCHNResourceTemplate&c=CHNResource&lan g=EnNational Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse. Psychological Abuse. Retrieved February 24, 2008, from http//www.preventelderabuse.org/elderabuse/psychological.htmlPsychAbuse.info. (2006). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved February 24, 2008, from http//www.psychabuse.info/Psychological_Abuse_FAQ.htmWall, C. M. (1975). kid Abuse A Societal Problem with Educational Implications. Pea body Journal of Education 52(3), 222-225.

BOSCH GmbH- Human Resource Management Essay

In our give-up the ghost the international eat up process is examined, how furthermost the ball-shaped requirements on the resource staff atomic number 18 met by Bosch. The measures, Bosch relegateed for the select, dressing, moving and re integrating of its employees has been examined and set against the common drill of other endeavors.The work starts with a type of the first step Bosch. The main part is a detailed representation of the measures of Bosch with view to the four phases of the foreign murder. These atomic number 18 judged with the theory from technical literature and compargond with the common practice of other enterprises. Subsequently the question is followed whether the expansion plans in the direction of the China require a customization of the staff get byment. Finally we draw a conclusion whether the measures of Bosch are suitable to fulfill the requirements or must be changed.2. Bosch2.1 Historical developmentThe enterprise Bosch was set up under the name workshop for precision engineering and electrical engineering in Stuttgart in the year 1886 by the engineer Robert Bosch. The international orientation al realize started early. In 1898 they founded the first branch office in England (London). bingle year later they opened a dependance in France (Paris). The first branch office followed in the USA in 1906. The international development has go along until today. In 2003 75% of the manufacturing sites are turn out(p)side Germany. With daughter and associated companies Bosch is present in more than 50 countries global. Bosch is matchless of the biggest industrial enterprises in Germany today and is a globular player e peculiar(a)ly in the automobile industry.Bosch has convinced with its innovations since their foundation and has a high grade in the securities industry. In 1897 Bosch developed the first low electromotive force magneto ignition which firstly made the use of internal combustion engines possible. The innovation strength has remained until today so Bosch was the first comp hotshotnt supp delusionr pitch innovations care ESP the anti-lock braking system anti-lock braking system, the navigation system under the names Travelpilot and the electronic stability system on the market.Bosch lived the signifi thunder mugce of its employees for the innovation and market success early, too. In 1906 Bosch introduced the eight hour day when celebrating the delivery of the 100,000 sten magnet igniter. With the delivery of the 500,000 sten igniter they introduced work free Saturday after(prenominal)noons.2.2 The Bosch, group todayToday enterprise Bosch consists of the motor vehicle technology, industry technology and use and goods technology. Their core competence and most of import unit is still the vehicle technology. This feces be proved by regarding the gross sales volume. The share of this division was 65.4% in the year 2003. The sales development and its foreign share is displayed in graphic 1.Bosch doubled the sales volume within notwithstanding 10 old age, from approx. 16 billionto 36 billion euros. However, the foreign share of the sales volume increased proportionally faster. From 49% in 1993 it rose up to 71% in 2003. These data underline again the strong international orientation of the conjunction.According to this Bosch has employees all over the world. In 2003 Bosch employed 230,000 people worldwide with a share of 54% outside of Germany.2.3 The embodied destinationThe idea of the somatic culture is interpreted differently in the literature. Berthel defines corporate culture as follows corporate culture is the sum of the honorable c at oncepts, carried a business together of the employees norms and behavior patterns this one has taken shape in the course of the time. The philosophy of Robert Bosch stamps the corporate culture since the foundation. So he wrote in 1919 It has always been an unbearable thought to me that someone could inspect on e of my products and find it inferior . I down then always tried to ensure that only look for work goes out that is superior into all respects .In the year 2001 this culture was strengthened by the new model Be Better Be Bosch and the values were formulated in a written form for the first time. They initiated a modernization protrude called Be QIK. This model functions as action framework for the after stored aims and strategiesBe QIK, Quality, innovation and Customer orientedBe Better improve against previous years and gain the competitive edge,Be Bosch, committed to our vision, our tradition and of the spirit of a the company and the legacy of our founder Robert Bosch.The enterprise therefore tries to create a global behaviorial framework, which takes over the orientation function, identification function, coordination and integration function and serves to manage the challenges of the future.3. Foreign dispatch process at Bosch3.1 Aims of the foreign dispatchBy the assignmen t of super qualified employees Bosch aims at a compensation of a lack of know-how in the respective host res publica. furthermore Bosch wants to rise the cross culturel skills of their executives in order to improve thecooperation with foreign parts. to boot it is possible for the ambitious employees to request for a dispatch in order to enhance their motivation. An fundamental aim of foreign dispatches is finally the implementation of a worldwide corporate culture through which the communication and cooperation within the Bosch group is made easier.3.2 Dispatch formsBosch distinguishes three dispatch forms. The business trip, the delegation as substantially as the transfer. The business trip with a duration of up to three months serves to establish contacts or also to conclude business on the spot. With the delegation Bosch distinguishes between the dispatch for the fulfillment of a project task or the dispatch in the context of trainee programs. The be obtain is oversea for a duration between three months and a year. If it is necessary to cover a lack of manpower a transfer is carried out. In this case the duration of the puzzle oversea is between one and phoebe bird years. Bosch averagely dispatches their employees for three years.3.3 Foreign dispatch processA carefully structured dispatch process is very all important(predicate) for Bosch to ensure the success of the foreign dispatch.To this, at first the trade order is prepared which contains the necessary qualifications of the employee with regard to the vacant job. The choice of a suitable candidate, the dispatch conversation and the charge go to the possible rural knowledge base are the next steps of the process. After this journey the employee finally decides whether he accepts the office staff abroad. If he agrees, the employee is prepared comprehensively for the stay abroad. Then the moving to the foreign ground takes place. After the job completion the employee is reintegrated. Th e individual phases of the foreign dispatch process are explained in the adjacent more precisely.3.3.1 Choice3.3.1.1 Theoretical bases and enterprise practiceThe best financial obligation for a success of foreign dispatch can still be seen in the right choice of the employees to be sent. This should include technical criteria, behavior-related criteria, inter pagan environment-related criteria asfountainhead as somebodyal criteria. When choosing a suitable dispatch candidate enterprises often orientate at technical performances. However, empirical examinations show, that competences or-related behavior and-related inter cultural environment abilities for the cultural customization prevail a greater influence on the success of the foreign activity. Other surveys from the 1990s confirm that individual performance features are in the foreground at the choice. In addition, they show that the family is hardly co-included in the decision. An interview under Expatriates points, that the hygienic-being plays the family an important role for the professional success.3.3.1.2 Choice at BoschBosch has recognized the importance of extra-technical criteria for the choice of a suitable dispatch candidate. Besides the career potential, which are investigated by the employee development instruments (see chapter 2.2), features like team and communication ability or representation of the Bosch culture are co-included in the decision. The latter has a great importance for the support of the implementation of a worldwide corporate culture, one of the aims of the foreign dispatch.3.3.2 Preparation3.3.2.1 Theoretical bases and enterprise practiceInstitutes specialized in further education and intercultural perplexity distinguish between a country particularized and country general as wellhead as intellectual and experience obtained preparation.The respective confrontation of these preparation methods shows the following classificationsIntellectual country specific preparation Primarily general randomness about the host country is talk terms and spoken communication courses carried out here. Culture games are, such as the cultural assimilator education.Experience-related country specific preparationThe political, economic and socio-cultural conditions of the host country shall be given to the expatriate a better understanding. With the help of case studies and role plays as well as information journeys the expatriates are prepared for country and culture specifics.Intellectual preparationThe cultural self awareness model plays an importantrole in this preparation class. It assumes that it is important to remind the participant of his own stereotyped and behaviors in order to develop a sensibility for the foreign maybe antic looking cultural feelings.Experience-related country general preparationThis preparation method which shall enlarge the intercultural competence of the expatriates (on The job by Outdoor knowledge, intercultural simulation games ) consists of the cooperation on international teams as well as of an intercultural action training.Source of the success of foreign dispatches is the degree to which an expat is able to establish contacts and manages to over master key culture barriers and to find the way in the strange culture.The chief attention of the preparation in German and American companies lies in the technical education, the performance of a language training as well as the arrangement of general country information, though. An experience-related preparation seldom takes place. The external execution of the preparation measures is in general preferred opposite the internal one.The family moreover is only seldomly included in the preparations although family problems kick the bucket to the most frequent reasons for the failure of foreign dispatches. After a study of the auditing company PriceWaterhouseCoopers 40% of all Expatriates return home ahead of schedule. 96% of these on impulses of the family w hich often doesnt cope with the surroundings.The final conclusion is that the size of it of the preparation is very small in the entrepreneurial practice.3.3.2.2 Preparation at BoschBosch practices comprehensive preparations for both its employees and their families to ensure the success of their foreign dispatch. At the beginning of the preparation Bosch offers a information journey which is designed for employees who go abroad for longer than 12 months. Before the definite decision, Bosch gives its employees theopportunity to go to the host country with the keep company of their supply. The stay lasts for two to three days, within Europe outside Europes approximately one week. By this look and sea trip the employee and his companions can get a better idea of the future place of residence. That shall prevent them from forming unrealistic expectations.If the employee decides to accept the job offered abroad, the real preparation starts. The central HR department is responsible fo r the execution of the preparation transfers (ZM2). It builds a preparation plan with measures which are coordinated with the take ins of the respective employee. The aim of the preparation with Bosch is the arrangement of intercultural competence. This consists of country specific fellowship, linguistic proficiency as well as cultural sensibility of the three elements together.Country specific knowledgeThe arrangement of country specific knowledge contains information about the framework conditions of the host country. Formalities which are connected with a stay abroad are given to the Expatriates and their companions traveling along in a so-called Bosch foreign preparation seminar. So-called mentors, employees already returned home, convey information e.g. to the contract of employment or for tax regulations. By the use of mentors Bosch guarantees that experiences collected abroad are passed on and therefore used for new dispatches effectively.Linguistic proficiencyThe knowledge of the respective national language is prerequisite for a dispatch, because it is very important for an integration in private and in on the job(p) life. Bosch employees have to learn the foreign language until they r distri thoively a level that enables them to come along in work life without any problems. If they want to learn more, they also have the possibility of attaining comprehensive knowledge. The family is tied to ensure that it can find the way in day-by-day life. The language education takes place externally and Bosch takes on the costs both for the employee and for the family. The company attaches importance to the fact that the education starts early so that the required knowledge is reached before the dispatch.Cultural sensibilityThe cultural sensibility of the employees shall be promoted by two measures the intercultural preparation training as well as the intercultural circumspection training.The intercultural preparation training has the aim of sensitizing the employee to the think and behavior patterns of the host country to make the integration into the strange cultural environment easier for him. If the training is carried out internally, so-called country teams are responsible for it. These teams consist of employees who have made experiences in the respective host country or even are from this country themselves. This five-day intercultural preparation training is offered both for the employee and for the family since this is confronted with the same integration or understanding difficulties concerning the strange culture.This has particularly to be taken into account when thinking of the growing importance of multicultural cooperations, e.g. in the context of joint ventures or international project work.3.3.3 MovingAt Bosch receives the Expatriate supports for the carrying out of the necessary formalities by the so-called Bosch foreign preparation seminar. When the employee finally starts his stay abroad he usually feels like on ho liday. Everything is new to him and he is fascinated by his new task at the company and the new country itself. But this positive feeling often changes after a few months when the first serious problems occur. He feels helpless because he can not manage the situation in the new surrounding. This is called cultural shock.To keep the cultural shock as low as possible, Bosch looks after his employees during their stay and helps them when problems appear. The cultural shock can never assoilly prevented especially if the difference between the cultures is very large. Nevertheless Bosch tries to prepare their employees by showing general culture differences so that they can study with problems easyierly.Furthermore Bosch offers his expatriate an intensive coaching. The employee has a mentor in the native country who is two hierarchical orders higher than himself. They meet at least once a year to talk about problems abroad or about further plans of the employee after his return to germa ny.In addition, a strengths-/ weaknesses analysis is carried out to be able to comprehend the development of the employee and not lose the summary of the knowledge and abilities.An examination of Schroll-Machl shows that the support of the Expatriates is often insufficient in the practice. Many Expatriates have the judgement that their enterprise leaves them alone and it doesnt support at problems. They must manage various difficulties at the same time. Family problems moreover arent taken into account in the context of the support in the practice. However, wife and children are especially confronted with greater customization difficulties than the staff member because they have more frequent contacts to the strange culture.3.3.4. Reintegration3.3.4.1 Theoretical bases and enterprise practiceAfter the expiry of the delegation period the Expatriate returns back to the parent company. A successful reintegration of the employee is both of high entrepreneurial and financial importance. A negative betoken starts out from a failed reintegration for other parent company members. The readiness to accept an offer for a foreign activity sinks.Furthermore the financial dimension of the complete dispatch process including the return has to be taken into account. American studies value the total costs of the foreign assignment of an employee at up to 1 millions $. In connection with this, it is surprising that only few enterprises care for the repatriation of their employees professionally. A KPMG examination from the year 2000 showed that 67% of all interviewed people who were delegated abroad said that there is need for improvement at the reintegration process of their enterprise. This criticism has to be takenseriously since problems with the reintegration have serious consequences for the Expatriate and the enterprise like e.g. a low work motivation or even the cancellation and the change to another enterprise. According to an examination of Black (1992) the share of the returnees who cancel their job within one year after their return due to integration problems is about 25%. The causes of these reintegration difficulties are multilayered. You can subdivide them into running(a) and private difficulties.Operational levelThe search for a suitable position often turns out to be difficult since the HR departments can assess hardly the qualification development of the returnee during his stay abroad. In addition returnees often have exaggerated expectations and therefore are disappointed of the offered job in their home company. They often have the impression that their new skills especially about the country they fagged a lot of time in are not appreciated. A study of Wirth from the year 1992 has shown that merely 30% of all enterprises evaluate the experiences of its employees after a stay abroad. other aspect of the reintegration is the cessation of foreign raises and other privileges.Private LevelProblems frequently appear also in the private area of the Expatriates. During their stay abroad the often only keep the positive aspects of their life in Germany in mind, the negative everyday problems appear only after the return and the first euphoria. The culture of ones own seems alienated and it comes to the double cultural shock. Particularly the children have to suffer from the new surroundings and from the change since they have accepted the strange culture more strongly, had to leave friends and dont cope with the German school system any more. For the expatriates and their partners it is difficult to abstain from grown fond privileges like e.g. chauffeur, domestics for themselves or a swimming pool.3.3.4.2 Reintegration with BoschAs a company with strong international orientation Bosch has recognized the meaning of a successful reintegration of returnees and supports the reintegration of its employees with numerous measures at an operational and private level to put a positive and encouraging signal for future dispat ches.3.3.4.2.1 Measures of the operational reintegrationBosch offers a very comprehensive and strategic personnel indemnity which takes into account the ad hominem ambitions of the dispatched employees and the future need for highly qualified film directors. This prevents Bosch from the problem frequently appearing that no adequate place can be offered to the returnee. out-of-pocket to its size Bosch is moreover able to offer alternatives in the case of an abrupted dispatch process, like e.g. early return or dissatisfaction with the return position.As already explained different studies have shown that exaggerated experiences on the part of the returnees is the main reason for dissatisfaction with the position after the reintegration. To counteract this, Bosch regularly looks after the expatriate by a power structure higher mentor of the parent company. By this he keeps informed about all important developments in the company and furthermore he has contact person for career ques tions. Due to this permanent communication Bosch is able to get an exact idea about the situation and processes in the foreign business.Another important aspect which fundamentally contributes to the satisfaction of the returning employee is the appreciation and the use of the abroad acquired knowledge. Bosch evaluates the foreign experiences of its expatriates very comprehensively and endeavours suggestions for improvement. Furthermore the HR department tries to find a position in which the returnee can use his new won abilities optimally. This could be e.g. a position in the sales department of the region in which the expatriate was active.Furthermore the returnees have the opportunity to study further in order to work as an expert for the country they stayed in and prepare other employees for future dispatches. The BeQIK corporate culture, introduced in 2001, plays an important role for a successful reintegration. Since all subsidiary firm shall work according to the given behavi oral framework, the cultural distance turns out a little bit smaller between host country and native country. Since the practical putting into action of the behavior guidelines is always subject to cultural influences, the degree of the relief should be assessed rather carefully.3.3.4.2.2 Measures of the private reintegrationTo make the reintegrationeasier for the returning expatriate and his family, Bosch offers comprehensive help. They support their employees when they search for an apartment and takes on arising extra tuition costs for the children to make the integration into the German school system easier. Furthermore other Bosch employees who returned from stays abroad in the past can give ad breakout in so called returnee seminars where other persons affected talk about its experiences.4. Asia, challenge and chanceRapidly arising markets in the Far East and Bosch takes part This statement of Bosch Bohr, the chairman of the area of motor vehicle technology, shows the meanin g of company leaders, which provide be attached to Asian and especially to the Chinese market. After a turnover growth obtained already 2003 in China of over 20%, Bosch wants to improve his presence further in the empire of the middle.In the following sections will be analysed, which changes or requirements to the Bosch foreign dispatch will bring the future in the Asian market.4.2 requirements on German executives in China4.2.1 The intercultural difficultiesThe clashing of different cultures, values and particularly the different styles of management and philosophies leads very frequently to difficulties in the subsidiary firms.To notice which one is the most frequent and greatest problem that the Chinese executives have in the cooperation with German executives and vice versa, the results of a study from the year 1999 shall be illustrated, which Chinese and German manager were working in German enterprises in China.Among the problems, which the Chinese managers have with the coll eges from abroad, the most important are the communication problems, like is described in the chart above.The culture, communication, shared understanding and language are connected closely with each other belong to this category due to the different culture and the language barrier no satisfactory communication takes placeand therefore it doesnt come to a mutual understanding.In this connection the bad English knowledge of German managers and their lack of understanding of the Chinese culture will be especially found fault by Chinese colleges.10% of the mentioning are allotted to problems of the human relations. It disturbs the Chinese executives most, that they are treated differently in comparison with the Expatriates and they dont have much confidence in Chinese colleges.This is the reason in their opinion that it doesnt come to friendships between foreign and Chinese executives who are very encounter on a Chinese. The arrogance and haughtiness of the foreigners are also criti cized and the lack of interest in the Chinese population.The professional requirements are high inside the Chinese employees are hungrily to learn the new specialized knowledge of the foreign executive and they notice very fast, weather the German executives arent not ready or capable in the expected scale, to give this knowledge further.In connection with this, it is criticized that German executives prefer to work alone, they arent cooperative. In the Chinese working world one comes upon, however, the Explanation the Help and Assistance to each other.By the cessation of the in the past (before the open-door policy of China) usual lifelong job in the same enterprise and the fact that one can be discontinued because of a bad performance a considerable pressure is triggered to do well the work and this can have discouraging influence on the employees. There is the high burden of work which lets few leisure time as well as time for the own family.General Manager have variously and ver y far scattered breadth of the answers without the number of the mentioning being different from each other fundamentally on the part of the foreign ones. Any problem is emerging asdominate. Problems are most frequently mentioned are in the areas of communication, childbed organization, qualification and management.The general managers from abroad find some problems with their Chinese executives not only in the area of the communication. For example they dont seem to be able to solve their problems with a better communication. However the understanding stands for the Chinese executives, at first place and the lack of communication is also becoming responsibly for many difficulties in the company.4.2.2 Cultural distinction and integrationThe culture isnt reflected only in politics and in the everyday life, (i.e. in the social and consume behaviour) but it also influences the business methods, the management behaviour and the relations of employees and employers.In the following sect ion are discussed certain general Asian culture features and their implications for the staff management .Group identity versus individual identityTian xia Wei gong Everything serves the community under the sky. So there is a Chinese proverb from the old days which has hardiness today certainly too. The individual never was in the foreground but always, the community within the particular represents a tiny member.This specific and deeply grow feature has important implications for the staff management So the individual recognition (punishment) should be carried out in private, the teams recognition should be carried out barefaced.Conflict avoidanceMost cultures of Asia avoid systematically the open conflict holding.The avoidance of open conflicts is in a close connection with the Confucianism. Straight criticism and open contradiction in terms are accompanied by the danger to lose face and fall to the social trifle.Keeping faceMost Asian societies are settled by the principle of t he humble (the public humiliation) not by the principle of guiltiness (feeling of individual responsibility, conscience). The concept of the saving face is comprehensively valid, characterizes every human relation and is very important for the staff management since it forbids the public humiliation of employees.Respect opposite to higher-ranking and oldRespect, restraint and modesty are part of the etiquette in the Asian culture means generally. Hierarchies have a more important role (often according to old, rank and sex) than in Germany. The formal authority isnt called into question this is part of the harmony commandment.However, one shouldnt put the Asian respect before the authority absolutely. A bad supervisor is also criticized in Asia and will be corrected though indirect by pressure on third party, anonymous letters, passive behaviour and resistance, which are disguised with excuses or by frequent illness or really irrational behaviours, like panic bouts.The re-registrat ion is frequently encoded. So the western manager must learn how indirect signals of the discontent should be decoded or interpreted.The respect of the age is one of the basic concepts of a Confucian intellect. The Age doesnt make only wise but gives a natural authority. Seniority and pecking order thinking still established tightly in the heads of the Chinese managers. Foreign companies are smitten with the distinguishing between respect of certain hierarchies and the necessity of the support managers who go to bed the corresponding service but dont have the right age yet. In order to be accepted a younger manager must be more competent than an old one.GuanxiGuanxi has to be translated by the following expression personal relations and connections. It plays a large role in China in all areas of the life it works as sesame-open you when required because clear and codified jurisdiction doesnt have any tradition, relations are solution keyfor all problems.Western Managers should pay more attention to Guanxi if they want to succeed in china.4.2.3 Recruitment and motivation of local workersThe recruitment of highly qualified staff and the tie of won workers with the enterprise are a big problem area with which many foreign businesses are confronted in China. These phenomena shall be represented here only briefly since a detailed description would blow up the frame of this work.Recruitment of local workersThe absence of qualified personal is responsibly for the high fluctuation. More and more enterprises try to find Chinese university graduates who are trained in Germany for the business in china.Motivation of local workersIf one has found local executives, one must be able to keep it because the high fluctuation is connected to high costs.Different instruments can contribute to solace or to overcome the staff bottleneck. These are e.g. the image-building (charitable events), the training (further education possibilities have a high place value) as well as a sol id state and long-term career promotion strategy. For young highly qualified stuff, a good salary and promotion chances are decisive for staying in the enterprise.4.3 Optimization/customization of the dispatch process for/to ChinaIf one carries now out an optimization of the foreign dispatch process with Bosch to the employee-employer relationships in China against the background of the executed Asian culture features and criticisms of the Chinese Manager of their German colleagues and colleagues, then the following implications are the resultAs a rule, an intercultural preparation takes place. No reason is seen for preparations for the Chinese executives in most enterprises. It will hold the assumption that the Chinese executives must adapt to the western behaviour patterns and methods of working.A common intercultural training is, however, absolutely essential in China for the following reasonsThe great difficulties which resurrect from the lack of mutual understanding, are in a close connection with the knowledge about the respecting other culture, the action sample and moral concepts, but also its enterprise philosophies and styles of management.An intercultural seminar can make considerably, behind certain behaviour which explanations and which roots suit to an executive. It doesnt prevent the appearance of problems but it offers to possibilities of reacting specifically and developing common action strategies.Furthermore a Chinese executive can for example be made familiar with the German culture as follows by consignments to the German parent company, international stays, participation in international management courses of Chinese universities or in business Schools.Also for partner and children problems arise in the context of a longer stay abroad. Acceptable solutions must therefore be found also for the family.It is often impossible just in the pacific space to solve the language problems satisfactorily what a far-reaching isolation of the marriage partner and the children can cause with negative family consequences. Therefore the language stock should correspond to that one of the Expatriate which enjoys an education on the standard of the easy communication in the work everyday life.Despite good preparations for marriage partner and if necessary children problems often arise of the cultural integration and problems at school. For the better integration contacts to partners of other Expatriates should be organized.The possibility of working abroad is very important for the partner who accompanies the Expatriate abroad. An intensive cooperation with other enterprises on the spot would be necessary to realize the professional way of expatriates wife in China. If no place can be found, the possibilityshould be offered for a further training for the meaningful use of the timeout such as a master course of studies.4.4 Bosch measures for ChinaAll preparatory training is evacuated to the IFIM, the institute for intercultural manag ement in Bad Honnef, since Bosch internal country speakers are specialized in European countries till now.The information journey which shall convey an impression to the Expatriate over its potential future place of work can be extended by max. two days. Another prolongation isnt granted since the employees/inside activities are used at home and every longer stay also more costs for Bosch meant for hers.The language education is carried out in a 5-week language course at the national language institute NRW in Bochum for which the future Expatriate is put by its work activity completely freely.In the 2 annual cycle the personnel officer the ZM2 accompanies a potential Expatriate on an information journey and this one checks life and employee-employer relationships on the spot.Although Bosch mediates e.g. alone for the partner, however give up many arrangements, not at the job search because of the language requirements. As a rule, Bosch can arrange a job for 5% of the partners.To sub sume it, this yields no big changes in the dispatch process especially for China. Professional external help is used regarding the training, one otherwise orientates himself at the worldwide valid dispatch process.5. ConclusionThe Bosch group is a worldwide active enterprise that on the international markets, special it would like to be present on the Asian market in future. This strategy makes high demands on the staff since intercultural understanding is increasingly important withal technical qualities. International employee use represents a central instrument of the staff development. According to the high importance the dispatch process is organized very professionally by Bosch in all four phases (choice,preparation, moving, and repatriation). This enormous effort beats itself in very low withdrawal rate, these are only 1-2 % in Bosch and lie under the reference values of other enterprises thus considerably.A possible disadvantage of the time intensive preparatory phase which lasts for at least 10 weeks is the lack of flexibility. Short-term manpower requirements due to problems, like e.g. demolition of a stay abroad or illness of a manager cannot be cover with the usual staff practice in Bosch.The preparation measures of Bosch seem very well suitable also for the dispatch to China, a stronger focus on the language education of the family and the social should be put as well as professional integration of the partner. In order to make an improved cooperation possible of the Expatriates on the spot, a common intercultural training is advisable with the Chinese colleagues.BibliographyBosch (2004A) The Objectives and Principles of Employee Development, order enterprise booklet at at all Boschs personnel departments as well as Central division employee development and executives (ZM3).Bosch (2004 B) Bosch Australia regional corner clays of The Bosch Group orders www.bosch.com.au/downloads/Home/RBAU.pdf (12.04.2004).Bosch (2003A) Business report 2003, orde rwww.bosch.com/de/download/GB2003_DE.pdf (11.04.2004).Bosch (2003B) Bosch today, order onwww.bosch.com/de/download/Boschheute2003_DE.pdf (10.04.2004).Bosch (2003/2004 ) Worldwide responsibility environmental report 2003/2004 ,order www.bosch.com/de/download/UWB_de.pdf (01.05.2004.)Kuan, Y.-C./Hring-Kuan, P. (2001) Journey guest in China, 1st edition, Dormagen.Nickut, J. (2003) Subject and leadership potential recognize and systematicpromotes to order under www.mwteam.de/products/Perspek/archives/01-2003/interview HrNickut-RobertBosch.pdf (01.05.2004).Nickut, J./Loose, H., (2000) A step to the global player international choice- AC of Robert Bosch GmbH . In Staff, exercise book 7/2000, S.360, 363.Redding, earnest/Ng, M. (1982) The Role of Face in The Organizational Perceptions of Chinese manager, in Organization study, 3rd year, no. 3, S.201-219.Welge, K.-M./Holtbrgge, D. (2003) International management, 3rd edition, Stuttgart.List of the Internet sourceshttp//www.boschrexroth. com/corporate/de/jobs_und_karriere/personalpolitik/index.jsp (14.05.2004).http//www.bosch-career.de/de/company/aims.htm (14.05.2004).http//www.relojournal.com/nov2000/kpmgsurvey.htm (13.05.2004)http//www.workforce.com/section/09/23/26/42/index.html (13.05.2004)

German language Essay

Learning a contrasted verbiage calls for various considerations. The foreign linguistic communication Germanof choice to be learned is of prime importance, for if the hunting of this language does not yield any concrete productive results save for in-person satis occurrenceion, the course would then be considered superficial, if not at all futile. whatsoever people waste admitted that they took a course or two in French and Italian because they are considered the languages of romance and, more(prenominal) so, they are the languages of the nouveau riche and the culturally refined. give birth these not as an attack on the nature of the French and Italian languages, but rather as an exposition of how people perceive certain foreign languages. By comparison, the German language would be a less popular option for on a lower floorgraduates, save for those who chose it as their major and for those who have been required to take it under their curriculum. Most people would initially agree with Mark Twains musing German is an awful language. If a literary genius like him had a rather hard time learning German, what more an ordinary person?Not to question Twains posturing, but the times have changed and the fountainhead capacity of humans have actually evolved the German language has, over the years, earned its own following and people have actually realized that it is an painful language to pursue. So, why learn German? That would be a tough question to answer since it would be similar to asking why one would scour bother learning a foreign language. In the Philippines, people already have their fill of a foreign language, what with English being so internal in our cultural subconscious.So, why bother learning another foreign language and why should it be German? Save for some very personal reasons, like wanting to understand a relative in Austria or to work in Germany after college, there are other varied reasons why one should be learning the German langu age, some of which could actually be socially, intellectually and economically fulfilling. For starters, contrary to what Mark Twain had been saying, German is an easy stock-still amazing language to learn. If one already knows English, then he already has an advantage.The two languages share many similarities in both vocabulary and grammar, owed much to the fact that they share common ancestry with the Germanic languages. Plus, German is a phonetically interesting language. As much as one finds it rather challenging to execute, collectable to its varied throat sounds, German phonetics makes it easy to predict how the spoken words are written and how the written words are pronounced. One might have probably heard of the terms German precision and German efficiency, pertaining to the fashion by which products made in Germany have been conceived and constructed.Truly, language is reflective of culture, and, as such, one could safely say that the precise and efficient German language is reflective of its precise and efficient people. And it is no wonder that Germans are known oecumenical to be great innovators and profound thinkers. Gutenbergs conception of the printing press, Einsteins theory of relativity and Brandenburgs creation of the MP3 digital music dress are all testaments to German precision and efficiency.Marxs Manifesto, Nietzsches writings and Hegels school of thought are all testaments to the profundity of the German imagination and intellect. Knowledge, if not at all mastery, of the German language allows one to access the works of these people in their original language, thus allowing one to fully understand the machinations of their philosophy or technology. Anyone interested in the same fields could automatically expand their knowledge and skill by knowing the language.If one wishes to be in the curl up of world events, one cannot be free from the shadow of Germany and its culture. The influence of German culture in the world arena cannot be denied, and they instigate this influence more via the power of their technology. With 4 of the worlds 10 most innovative companies located in Germany, they hold 12. 7% of the worlds patent applications. macrocosm a nation committed to research and development, Germany exports more high-technology products than any other country except the United States.Companies like BMW, Daimler, Siemens, Bosch and many others enabled Germany to become the 3rd strongest parsimony and the number one export nation in the world. Surely, companies such as these need competent employees and international partners. With all other things equal, the job candidate with knowledge of the German language would already gain an employment advantage. And this would not be limited to Germany. If one is looking for employment in the United States, knowledge of the German language would be a great edge since German companies account for about 700,000 jobs in the country.Being one of the economically strongest nations in the world, it would not be a surprise to know that Germany is also one of its greater political powers, influencing the international policies of the European Union and even the United States. Knowledge of the German language would allow one to understand how their policies are written and how it affects world events. For justly, the actions of these political powers affect each and every government and economy in the world, might as well understand where they are coming from and how they are influenced.Truly, knowledge of the German language brings about the personal satisfaction of knowing that one speaks in the language of great thinkers and innovators. But, in this fast paced world, knowledge of the German language ultimately gives one the opportunity to understand, if not at all participate in, world events, whitethorn it be intellectually, politically or economically. Language has become the primary tool of connecting nations, thus uniting the world one language at a time. So have your own say, learn German today.

Human Trafficking and the Tvpa

F in alling in a Gray Area Human Trafficking Victims and When to Treat Them as Human Beings though slavery has continuously existed in some bod throughout history, it has only been in the past century and a half or so that homo beingkindity has goodly acknowledged that the melodic theme of owning another person is unjust. This relation backly new legal conscience has become appargonnt in the various equitys banning the validity that a person preserve be property, an object.However, these laws have not eradicated slavery, as is seen by the scores of young custody and women rescued from this particular brand of evil each year. In 2000, relation attempted to track a modernized version of slavery, human trafficking, by creating a new act, called the Trafficking Victims Protection flirt, also known as the TVPA. Unfortunately, there is roughly universal consensus that the Trafficking Act, while well-intenti angiotensin-converting enzymed, has thus far failed to make sufficient strides in addressing the problem of human trafficking, either internationally or domestically (Chacon 2006, 2978).though catching the perpetrators responsible for(p) for creating completely broken trafficking victims is of the highest importance, that justice should not come at the cost of however punishing those victims, as happens sometimes as a result of the TVPA. This base examines the TVPA, highlighting which groups be left unacknowledged, how victims are left unprotected, and offers possible solutions for changes so these young men and women have a chance to make a advance life than that which has been given them. In this realm of international organized crime, perception is everything, and that is emphasized throughout these explanations.Before delving into laws dealing with human trafficking, effective or ineffective, and the issues surrounding it, one must first get an overview of sex trafficking, and how this is related to immigration. Human trafficking is the recruitment and transportation of a person for the purpose of exploitation (Raffaelli), any kind of style of people where there is a victim who feels helpless and is manipulated, and an offender profits from the victim feeling this way, to a degree that the victim feels going to authorities get out not solve anything.A sub model of human trafficking is sex trafficking. awake trafficking is human trafficking, with the added component that the victim is trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation, (Raffaelli) overwhelmingly against the victims lead. Another subset of human trafficking is slave labor, where the victim is exercised as a slave to makes goods or to provide services not of a sexual nature. In each case of human trafficking the victim perceives himself or herself as defenseless, perceives a lack of support from U. S. uthorities and, thus, never attempts to report the abuse to law enforcement (McCabe 2). Perception is already important because the victim perceive s that law enforcement will not help them, and that resistance is useless. The TVPA of 2000 focuses mainly on sex trafficking rather than human trafficking as a whole, due to the fact that this constitute of trafficking leaves a victim completely broken because of the tactics used by traffickers. Traffickers promise their victims, usually young women, a good life in America.Once in America, all forms, papers, and visas to show a legal presence are taken away from the victims, and the traffickers begin the slow process of breaking the victims down by a vicious cycle of rape, threats, and physical and verbal abuse. Before the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, most US Legislation dealing with human and sex trafficking focused on curtailing immigration, and punishing trafficking victims as prostitutes. Trafficking victims had no protection, only fear, persecution, dislocation, and the high chance of criminal charges and deportation.Because traffickers take away all forms of i dentification, papers, and visas, victims would be viewed as illegal immigrants, and treated as such. At that time, the only legislative body fighting for the victims was the United Nations (UN). The UN was the driving force behind global reform for trafficking, acknowledging that human trafficking was and is a global problem, and a country like the United States viewing trafficking as a domestic problem would only create loopholes for the traffickers. Within the first couple pages, the TVPA has already, despite how unknowing, excluded a portion of the victims of sex trafficking.The act has a second, smaller bill written in, called the Violence Against Women Act of 2000. Portraying only women as victims is not only male chauvinist and simple minded, besides dangerous as well. Traffickers primarily target women and girls (22 USC Sec. 102(b)(1)). If young men do not entertain the possibility that they themselves could become victims, their arrogance could be what ensures their victi mization. Men and boys who are sexually exploited must come to terms with not only the physical and emotional trauma of repeated rape and abuse, but their own conflicted sexuality and masculinity afterwards.Amanda Kloer, anti-trafficking activist, writes that this added stigma prevents them from coming forward and seeking assistance, which further compounds the problem of a lack of information regarding the exploitation of men (Clymer). Though going into the stigma of lacking masculinity is off topic, it is worth stating that these ideals have only perpetuated the violence, and therefore victimization, against both men and women. Certain men believe that to be masculine, he must show strength, which sometimes includes beating his wife.If a mans strength, aka that which makes him masculine, is seemingly stripped from him, he is to be shunned and his failure is to be make an example to others who would attempt to ignore this rule of society. Perception is highly important when it come s to stopping human trafficking. When the TVPA starts compounding with U. S. immigration law to mess with the mind aspect the average American has of human trafficking, criminal activity that could be stopped is completely missed, with many Americans not realizing what has happened.Another group of victims not acknowledged beneath the TVPA are those that entered the country willingly, maybe even legally. This is usually considered human smuggling, and is therefore not seen as equivalent with human trafficking. The journey may begin in the identical way. Some trafficking victims begin their journey in an act of smuggling, as they freely undertake a decision to pay someone to assist them in get across the border into the United States (Chacon 2006, 2986).These people are voluntary migrants who usually, after entering the United States, find themselves in a situation, working under certain conditions for which their go for was never given. Dealing with consent in the TVPA is more like a dance than an in a flash statement the TVPA makes no specific provisions concerning the role of victim consent. It is an open question under the TVPA whether the consent of the individual to some element of the act of trafficking obviates the conclusion that the individual is a victim of a severe form of trafficking (Chacon 2006, 2984-2985).It would seem as though much of this act would depend upon whether consent was given, but upon closer inspection, that is a ridiculous statement. No one, except possibly a person who is drastically mentally ill, would willingly consent to being a victim of sex trafficking. If you are acknowledged as a victim by the TVPA, the act will then attempt to extend protection to you. If the victims of human trafficking feel safe and cared for, those victims are more likely to become witnesses that have the potential difference to send away their victimizers for life, or at least the next twenty years.Foreign victims that qualify for this protecti on are eligible to special services under the lawyer General Guidelines for Victim and Witness Assistance, 2005. Article IX deals with the extra care and assistance granted to victims of human trafficking. They are usually given necessary medical exam care, measures to protect them from their victimizers, direction to legal services, translation services, and immigration benefits. The immigration benefits usually end in multiple-year visas, such and the T and U visas.Of course, just because a victim is officially recognized as such does not mean that person is inherently due protection and relief. Much of the literature diagnosing the domestic shortcomings of the TVPA focuses upon the legal barriers to relief that are encountered by trafficking victims in the United States. The proposed solutions focus on improving the identification and assistance of trafficking victims (Chacon 2006, 2979). One of the greatest shortcomings of the TVPA is that assistance to trafficking victims is g reatly limited.There are three basic contingencies as to whether an adult trafficking victim will receive aid from the United States government. These three contingencies apply to foreign adult victims of trafficking. The first is if the victim has been subject to the TVPAs definition of a severe form of trafficking. The services are available to a person who meets the definition of a victim of a severe form of trafficking, without regard to whether an indictment is eventually filed, or whether any indictment that is filed includes trafficking statutes (Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center 9).Understanding that requires a look back at the laws definition of severe trafficking. Severe trafficking is a form of sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not yet attained 18 years of agethrough the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, p eonage, debt bondage, or slavery (22 USC Sec. 103(8)(A-B)). Debt bondage is the most common of these, as it is the easiest to commit.A smuggler agrees to smuggle a family or individual to America, but once in America, the smuggler explains that the price unexpectedly went up, and the family or individual must now work off their debt. This degree of human trafficking automatically includes all persons under eighteen who are forced into sex acts, but the blanket protection of children extends no further (Chacon 2006, 2985). The second is connected to the victims immigration status, which is a reference to the fact that the vast majority of human trafficking victims in the United States are foreigners that were either brought to the U.S. against their will, or came willingly under a completely different pretext. If the latter is true, its more than likely that all the victims papers are in the hands of the perpetrators, and their visa probably expired. The third contingency is the vict ims willingness to assist law enforcement to ensure that human traffickers are properly and swiftly brought to justice. If an adult victim complies with all three criteria, then that person qualifies for the protections previously mentioned. Dealing directly with perception, U. S. aw and policy actually facilitate the trafficking of human beings into and within the United States (Misery and Myopia 2979). U. S. immigration policy not only allows this to happen, but compliments human trafficking in such a way that the evil perfection is eerie. Most of the U. S. in-migration policy is establish upon the perception that foreigners are bad and evil, while native United States citizens are good and just. Vast oversimplifications such as this are more dangerous than anything else, and will only perpetuate a cycle of violence.Most Americans do not realize that human and sex trafficking is not just a foreign thing that happens in the red light district of Cambodia, or India, or in Eastern E uropean nations. Though human trafficking does happen in those agencys, it also is taking place in the United States everyday. The image of trafficking as a foreign evil perpetrated by minorities and migrants has at least two collateral effects that actually include rather than complement antitrafficking efforts (Chacon 2010, 1631). One of the many possible solutions to help better these laws is to not only focus on the end result of sex trafficking, i. . a satisfied client and the traffickers being paid, but on how the situation has evolved to that point, i. e. the manipulation and coercion of young men and women into a lifestyle of being victimised. To truly address all forms of human trafficking, state criminal laws must shift the focus from what type of labor or services trafficking victims are forced to perform and the relative merits of that work and exploitation to the exploitative actions traffickers use to gain and maintain control over their victims (Barnhart 130).Domes tically speaking, many perpetrators, or pimps, go through a process of preparedness their victims to become unwilling prostitutes. This usually takes several months, and involves emotional manipulation. Though this process is nigh on impossible to catch when dealing with international human trafficking, it is up to now an important process. Many human traffickers have specific areas from which they pick their victims. These areas are usually at or below the poverty line, as young men and women with tall dreams and no money are easy to manipulate, and most in the neighborhood would assume the victim ran away.If local law enforcement officials in those areas are expert to recognize this process of grooming, international human trafficking will suffer. This specifically has been somewhat addressed in an amendment from 2007, where the U. S. Department of State spoke to the other countries of the world to set forth minimum standards to properly eliminate human trafficking around the g lobe. Though these standards are not nearly as high as they ought to be, the standards are a step in the right direction.These standards give hope that this paper will be completely proven wrong within the next some years. Though it is interesting that the U. S. Department of State require of other countries something which it has not yet achieved whether the government of the country protects victims of severe forms of trafficking in personsand ensures that victims are not inappropriately incarcerated, fined, or otherwise penalized solely for unlawful acts as a direct result of being trafficked (Trafficking in Persons Report).Another solution is not law-based, but anthropologically based. Most Americans stubbornly go down to believe that sex trafficking is happening within America, domestic or internationally. If the average American were to look at the average busy driveway corner in a large city, the average American would not be looking for victims, but instead would be looki ng for reasons to judge the women parading their bodies. Some of those women, on that street corner, would be trafficking victims.The more aware the average American is on this issue that immigrants are very likely victims of human and sex trafficking, the faster perceptions will change as to who is good or bad in the issue of immigration. Criminalization of immigrants, handled spectacularly by current immigration policy, will only serve to further exacerbate the problem with mistreating victims of human trafficking. The problem seems to be not thinking of immigrants as humans. Treatment of migrants isincreasingly dichotomous either a noncitizen qualifies as a trafficking victimor the noncitizen is a smuggled migrantIf the individual falls in a gray areabetween an outright victim of severe trafficking and a smuggled migrant who is subject of everyday forms of labor exploitationthe governments approach has been to treat the gray-area case as one involving a voluntary migrant who is n ot eligible for the protections available to trafficking victims (Chacon 2010, 1635).This is simply untrue, and these victims do not deserve such treatment. The vast majority of victimized immigrants fall in this grey area, causing further victimization by a legal system that was designed to protect the innocent, and bring their oppressors to justice. Further canon must properly provide for the victims in the gray areas, and deliver appropriate protection to ensure the victims future well being.Though the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 has had improvements in the past twelve years, at its foundation lies an act that fails to adequately acknowledge and protect the victims of sex trafficking. There have been alterations and additions to the TVPA since 2000 which has addressed a few of the issues outlined in this paper. Progress has been made, continues to be made, and there is definite hope that after a short time, human and sex trafficking will no long-life be able to h ide in the shadows that so greatly inhibits its detection.However, this act, as well as most law enforcement and legislators, fails to acknowledge that perception is everything when dealing with human trafficking. The right perception is important to keep as many people from becoming victims as possible and to ensure that an anti-immigrant sentiment is not perpetuated unnecessarily. Works Cited Barnhart, Melynda H. Sex and Slavery An Analysis of Three Models of State Human Trafficking Legislations. 16 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 83 (2009).Web. 6 Mar. 2012. . Clymer, Beth. Why Human Trafficking Is a Mens Issue. Meet Justice. Meetjustice. org, 25 May 2011. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . Chacon, Jennifer M. Misery and Myopia Understanding the Failures of U. S. Efforts to Stop Human Trafficking. Fordham Law Review. 74 Fordham L. Rev. 2977 (2006), 1 Jan. 2006.Web. 6 Mar. 2012. . Chacon, Jennifer M. Tensions and Trade-offs Protecting Trafficking Victims in the Era of Immigration Enforcement. Univers ity of Pennsylvania Law Review158. 6 (2010) 1609-653. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Web. 6 Mar. 2012. . Human Smuggling and